Battles and Warfare

General

Le Jeu de la Hache: A Fifteenth-century Treatise on the Technique of Chivalric Axe Combat

Anglo, Sydney

From: Archaeologia, Vol. 109

Published: 1991

Text and commentary on Le Jeu de la Hache (Bibliothèque Nationale, manuscrit français 1996), the only surviving treatise devoted exclusively to medieval axe combat.

The Times Guide to Battlefields of Britain

Anon

From: The Times

Published: 3rd & 4th August, 1994

Articles on some of the battles included in English Heritage’s official new battlefields list (The Complete Guide to the Battlefields of Britain by David Smurthwaite), viz. Bannockburn, Shrewsbury, Blore Heath, Tewkesbury and Bosworth.

The Wars of the Roses

Anon

From: Military History Monthly, Issue 50

Date of publication: November 2014

Well illustrated twenty-page editorial feature on the English civil conflicts of the fifteenth century. Includes an overview of the dynastic struggles and military campaigns, a discussion of military equipment and tactics, a longer feature on the Battle of Barnet and a brief revisionist analysis of Richard III. The strongest sections are those dealing with military matters. The brief historical explanations are, however, generally reliable, the most obvious error being the inclusion of a portrait of Elizabeth of York labelled ‘Elizabeth Woodville, Edward’s queen.’

The Wars of the Roses 1455-87

Coates, Dr J I

Typescript

Outline of the causes and main events of the wars.

Heraldic Banners of the Wars of the Roses: Counties of Anglesey to Hampshire

Coveney, Thomas

Freezywater Publications booklet, ed. G. Harrison, R. Erskine-Riddell & P. McGill

Published: 1996

Volume 1 of series. Potted biographies of the knights involved in the Wars of the Roses, arranged alphabetically by county, followed by colour illustrations of their banners and an index.

Heraldic Banners of the Wars of the Roses: Counties of Herefordshire to Rutland

Coveney, Thomas

Freezywater Publications booklet, ed. G. Harrison, R. Erskine-Riddell & P. McGill

Published: 1997

Volume 2 of series. Potted biographies of the knights involved in the Wars of the Roses, arranged by alphabetically county, followed by colour illustrations of their banners. An index of persons directs the reader to the relevant pages.

Heraldic Banners of the Wars of the Roses: Counties of Shropshire to Yorkshire

Coveney, Thomas

Freezywater Publications booklet, ed. G. Harrison, R. Erskine-Riddell & P. McGill

Published: 1997

Volume 3 of series. Potted biographies of the knights involved in the Wars of the Roses, arranged alphabetically by county, followed by colour illustrations of their banners. An index of persons directs the reader to the relevant pages.

Richard III’s Battles

Ginders, Alan

Typescript summary of a talk

Presentation: 1965

Covers medieval warfare and the battles of Barnet, Tewkesbury and Bosworth.

Yorkshire and the Wars of the Roses

Haward, Winifred I

Booklet

Published: 1970

Describes Yorkshire’s involvement in the Wars of the Roses, ordinary life in the county during the period, and Richard’s relations with the county.

Did the Tudors Invent the Wars of the Roses?

Jones, Dan

From: BBC History Magazine

Published: October 2014

Illustrated article advertising the author’s book on the Wars of the Roses, The Hollow Crown. Aimed at the general reader, this gives a brief summary of the various phases of the civil wars. The author plays down the dynastic nature of these conflicts, portraying them chiefly as ‘a tussle for political dominance’ and pointing out that the Red Rose of Lancaster was brought into being retrospectively by Henry VII for propaganda purposes.

The Wars of the Roses

Jones, Neil

From: Britain: the Official Magazine, Vol. 79, Issue 2

Published: April-May 2011

Overview of dynastic conflict between 1399 and 1485, based on author’s interview with Alison Weir.

Early Artillery Fortifications in England and Wales: A Preliminary Survey and Re-appraisal

Kenyon, J R

From: Archaeological Journal, Vol. 138

Published: 1981

Study of pre-1539 fortifications that made provision for the use of artillery, in castles, town defences, block houses and fortified manor houses.

Discovering Battlefields in Northern England and Scotland

Kinross, John

Booklet

Published: 1968

Includes Wakefield, Mortimers Cross, Towton and Stoke.

Discovering Battlefields in Southern England

Kinross, John

Booklet

Published: 1968

Includes First St Albans, Northampton, Edgecote, Barnet, Tewkesbury and Bosworth.

When Roses had Sharp Thorns

Lehane, Brendan

From: Telegraph Sunday Magazine

Published: 20th March 1977

Brief account of the Wars of the Roses from 1429 to 1485.

Raleigh Lecture on History: The Wars of the Roses

McFarlane, K B

From: The Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. 50

Published: 1964

Text of a lecture on the Wars of the Roses: causes, combatants and common misconceptions.

Standards, Badges and Livery Colours of the Wars of the Roses

McGill, Pat; Jones, Jonathan

Freezywater Publications booklet

Published: 1992

Descriptions of the standards and/or badges, mottoes and livery colours of 117 peers and knights; with
coloured illustrations of 36 standards.

The Wars of the Roses: Who Fought and Why

Makinson, Albert

From: History Today

Published: September 1959

Attributes the wars to ‘plebeian discontent and patrician lawlessness’.

War in the North: The Anglo-Scottish Wars of the Middle Ages

Miller, Edward

Text of lecture delivered at the University of Hull

Published: 1960

The 1959-60 St. John’s College Cambridge Lecture. Discusses the character and consequences of the endemic border warfare that began with Edward’s I’s attempt to conquer Scotland.

Historians Prepare for War over Battlefield List

Neale, Greg

From: The Daily Telegraph

Published: 4th September, 1994

Article about the publication of English Heritage’s official battlefields list (The Complete Guide to the Battlefields of Britain by David Smurthwaite) and the controversy surrounding those battles excluded from the list.

Battlefield Castles: Northumberland

Northumberland County Council

Leaflet

Published: 1985

On the castles associated with Northumbrian battles.

Historians and the Role of Castles in the Wars of the Roses

Petre, James

From: Fort (international journal of fortification and military architecture), Vol. 12

Published: 1984

On the reasons for the declining role of castles in the Wars of the Roses.

Wars of the Roses: Exhibition of Records

Public Record Office

PRO exhibition catalogue.

Published: 1961

Guide to exhibition held at the PRO (now TNA) between March and May 1961.

The Nobility and the Wars of the Roses, 1459-61

Richmond, Colin

From: Nottingham Medieval Studies, Vol. 21

Published: 1977

An examination of the proportion of the nobility involved in the armed conflicts of 1459-61, and on which side they fought.

Maintenance and the Wars of the Roses

Rogers, Alan

From: History Today

Published: March 1967

Argues that the Wars of the Roses were not a clear-cut dynastic conflict, but a series of struggles between the magnates aided by the retinues they maintained.

Norfolk Involvement in Dynastic Conflict 1469-71 and 1483-87

Sayer, Michael

From: Norfolk Archaeology, Vol. 36, Part 4

Published: 1977

On East Anglian families (including the Mowbrays, Howards and de la Poles) and their allegiances.

A Secret War against the Tudors

Seward, Desmond

From: BBC History Magazine

Published: November 2010

Examines plots against the Tudors by dynastic rivals and their supporters.

The House of York at War: A Yorkist Account of the Wars of the Roses

Snowden, Keith

Booklet

Published: 1998

An overview of the history of the House of York from the creation of the first duke in 1385 to the death of Perkin Warbeck in 1499. 60 pages.

Hundred Years War

John Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, and the French Expedition of 1443

Jones, Michael

From: Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces, ed. Ralph Griffiths

Published: 1981

An examination of Somerset’s final, disastrous military command in France.

The First Battle of St Albans - 22nd May 1455

Politics and the Battle of St Albans 1455

Armstrong, C A J

From: BIHR, Vol. 33, No. 87

Published: May 1960

The causes, course and aftermath of the battle.

An Account of the First Battle of St Albans from a Contemporary Manuscript

Bayley, John (ed.)

From: Archaeologia, Vol. 20

Published: 1824

One of the fullest contemporary accounts of the battle, from a manuscript amongst the Stonor papers in the National Archives.

The First Battle of St Albans, May 22nd 1455

Burne, A H

Chapter 6 of Burne’s The Battlefields of England

Published: 1950

An account of the battle and its causes.

Propaganda and the First Battle of St Albans, 1455

Hicks, Michael

From: Nottingham Medieval Studies, No. 44

Published: January 2000

Points out the extent to which historians have relied for their analysis of the causes of the battle on propaganda disseminated by the victorious Yorkists.

Hall Place and the First Battle of St Albans, 22 May 1455

McSweeney, Gerard

From: Herts Past & Present, 3rd Series, Issue 6

Published: Autumn 2005

A critical examination of the oft-cited claim that Hall Place, which until 1905 stood at the north end of St Peter’s Street, sheltered Henry VI both before and during the battle.

St Albans and the Wars of the Roses

Sanctuary, Gerald

Booklet

Published: 1985

Brief accounts of the two battles of St Albans, with street maps.

The Battle of Blore Heath - 23rd September 1459

The Battle of Blore Heath, 23rd September 1459

Burne, A H

Chapter 13 of Burne’s More Battlefields of England

Published: 1952

Account of the battle.

Cheshiremen at Blore Heath: A Swan Dive

Gillespie, James L

From: People, Politics & Community in the Later Middle Ages, ed J Rosenthal & C Richmond

Published: 1987

A reappraisal of Blore Heath’s reputation as ‘a slaughtering ground for the Cheshire gentry.’

The Wars of the Roses Part One: The Battle of Blore Heath

Jewell, Brian

From: Detector User

Published: April 1984

Brief analysis of the Wars of the Roses up to and including the Battle of Blore Heath. Includes a simple diagram of the battle deployment.

The Battle of Blore Heath

Twemlow, F R

Booklet

Published: 1912

Detailed study of the battle.

The Battle of Ludford Bridge - 12th October 1459

The Battle that Did Not Happen: A Tale of Treachery at Ludford Bridge October 1459

Edgar-Beale, R S

Typescript

Date of Copyright: 26th July 200

Article on the battle and the events leading up to it. Includes references. 8 pages.

Ludford Bridge and Mortimers Cross: The Wars of the Roses in Herefordshire and the Welsh Marches and
the Accession of Edward IV

Hodges, Geoffrey

Booklet

Published: 1989

Well-illustrated booklet giving background information and detailed accounts of both engagements.

The Battle of Towton 1461

McGill, Patrick

Booklet

Published: 1992

Covers events from Ludford Bridge to Towton. Includes lists of those present at each engagement.

The Battle of Northampton - 10th July 1460

A Quincentenary: The Battle of Northampton, July 10th 1460

Jack, R Ian

From: Northamptonshire Past and Present, Vol. 3, No.1

Published: 1960

Synopsis: Description of the battle, with quotations from contemporary accounts.

The Battle of Towton 1461

McGill, Patrick

Booklet

Published: 1992

Covers events from Ludford Bridge to Towton, including the battle of Northampton. Includes list of
those present.

The Battle of Wakefield - 30th December 1460

Walk Wakefield 1460: A Visitor Guide to Battle-related Sites

Cox, Helen

Booklet

Published: 2011

Descriptions of the preliminary encounter at Worksop and the battle at Wakefield, plus visitor information on Worksop Priory, Sandal and Pontefract castles, and the Micklegate Bar and walls of York. Illustrated with maps and black-and-white & colour photographs.

The Battle of Wakefield

Dockray, Keith; Knowles, Richard

Booklet, 28 pages

Published: 1999 reprint of article first published in June 1992 in The Ricardian

A detailed study of the battle, including maps and aerial photographs.

The Battle of Wakefield

Leadman, A D H

From: Proelia Eboracensia

Published: 1891 (article first published 1890 in the Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, Vol. 11)

Account compiled from various contemporary chronicles.

The Battle of Towton 1461

McGill, Patrick

Booklet

Published: 1992

Covering events from Ludford Bridge 1459 to Towton, including the battle of Wakefield. Includes list of those present.

The Battle of Wakefield

Markham, Clements R

From: The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, Vol. 9

Published: 1886

Account of the battle based on contemporary sources.

The Battles of Wakefield: An Historical Narrative of the Battle of Wakefield in 1460, etc.

Tyas, George

Part 1 of above book

Published: 1854

Discursive account of the battle and the circumstances leading up to it, based on later chronicles.

1460-1960: An Exhibition to Commemorate the Battle of Wakefield 1460 at the City Museum, Wood Street, Wakefield

Wakefield City Museum

Leaflet

Published: 1960

List of exhibits but with no illustrations.

The Battle of Mortimer's Cross - 3rd February 1461

Walk Towton 1461: A Visitor Guide to Battle-related Sites

Cox, Helen; Stringer, Alan

Booklet

Published: 2012

70-page booklet containing guidance for visitors to the battlefields of Mortimer’s Cross, Second St Albans and Towton.

Crowning Victory of Edward IV

Hancock, C V

From: The Birmingham Post

Brief account of the battle and of the battlefield as it is today.

Ludford Bridge and Mortimer’s Cross: The Wars of the Roses in Herefordshire and the Welsh Marches, and the Accession of Edward IV

Hodges, Geoffrey

Booklet

Published: 1989

Well-illustrated booklet giving the background and detailed accounts of both engagements.

The Battle of Towton 1461

McGill, Patrick

Booklet

Published: 1992

Covering events from Ludford Bridge to Towton, including the battle of Wakefield. Includes list of those present.

The Second Battle of St Albans - 17th February 1461

The Second Battle of St Albans, February 17th 1461

Burne A H

Chapter 7 of Burne’s The Battlefields of England

Published: 1950

Classic account of the battle.

Whirlwind from the North: The Campaign and Second Battle of St Albans, 1461

Clipson, Anthony

From: Wargames World, No. 3

Published: January 1989

Detailed account, good on tactics and the lack of them – includes bibliography and notes for war gaming.

Walk Towton 1461: A Visitor Guide to Battle-related Sites

Cox, Helen; Stringer, Alan

Booklet

Published: 2012

70-page booklet containing guidance for visitors to the battlefields of Mortimer’s Cross, Second St Albans and Towton.

Robert Bale’s Chronicle and the Second Battle of St. Albans

Kleineke, Hannes

From: ‘Notes and Documents’ section of Historical Research

Published: November 2014

Transcript and discussion of a hitherto unpublished page of Robert Bale’s chronicle which represents the earliest known account of the Second Battle of St. Albans.

The Battle of Towton 1461

McGill, Patrick

Booklet

Published: 1992

Covers events from Ludford Bridge 1459 to Towton, including the battle of Mortimer’s Cross. Includes list of those present.

St Albans and the Wars of the Roses

Sanctuary, Gerald

Booklet

Published: 1985

Brief accounts of the two battles of St Albans, with street maps.

The Battle of Towton - 29th March 1461

Nasty, Brutish and Not That Short

Anon

From: The Economist, pp. 50-52

Published: 13th December, 1996

Recounts the battle in the light of remains from the burial site discovered in 1996.

Towton and Saxton: The Story of a Famous Fight

Bogg, Edmund

Chapter 8 of Bogg’s Round about Leeds and the Old Kingdom of Elmet, the Land ’twixt Aire and Wharfe

Published: 1904

Description of the area in which the battle was fought, and an account of the battle.

Burials from the Battle of Towton

Boyston, Anthea; Novak, Shannon; Sutherland, Tim; Holst, Malin; Coughlan, Jennifer

From: Royal Armouries Yearbook, Vol. 2

Published: 1997

Report on the excavation of the mass grave at Towton.

The Battle of Towton: Palm Sunday 1461

Brandt, Ian (Ghost)

From: Skirmish: Living History, Issue 90, pp. 16-22

Published: July-August 2011

Brief article, by a member of the Beaufort Companye of re-enactors, describing the re-enactment and other events held at the site to mark the 550th anniversary of the battle. Includes several colour photographs of the event, and of the re-enactors in full battle dress.

Palm Sunday 1461

Brown, Geoff

From: Wargames Illustrated

Published: Undated

Brief account of the battle.

The Battle of Towton, March 29th 1461

Burne, A H

Chapter 8 of Burne’s The Battlefields of England

Published: 1950

Account of the battle.

Walk Towton 1461: A Visitor Guide to Battle-related Sites

Cox, Helen; Stringer, Alan

Booklet

Published: 2012

70-page booklet containing guidance for visitors to the battlefields of Mortimer’s Cross, the Second Battle of St Albans and Towton.

The Lost Battle: England’s Forgotten Killing Field

Gill, A A

From: The Sunday Times Magazine

Published: 24th August, 2008

The writer visits the area as it is today, and muses on the gruesome scale of the casualties and the reasons why the battle is largely unknown to the nation. Includes a breezy summary of the Wars of the Roses and the battle itself. Several colour illustrations.

This Bitter Field

Goodwin, George

From: History Today, Vol. 61, Issue 5

Published: May 2011

Article by the author of Fatal Colours: Towton 1461: England’s Most Brutal Battle. Goodwin describes the conditions that enabled the Yorkists to achieve victory over the larger, and better positioned, Lancastrian army, and led to such an extraordinarily large death toll.

Scattered Skeletons – An Introduction to the Bioarchaeology of Towton

Hounslow, Oliver

From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer

Published: 2013

On the day-to-day traumas and vitamin deficiencies suffered by the owners of the Towton skeletons, and the battle injuries that led to their deaths.

The Battle of Towton: Palm Sunday, 29 March 1461

Hudson, Graham

Leaflet/ map

Published: 1985

Unfolds to show pictorial map on one side and guided tour of battlefield on the other.

The Battle of Towton

Leadman, A D H

From: Proelia Eboracensia

Published: 1891 (first published in Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, Vol. 10, 1889)

Full account of the battle.

Pieces of History

Lobell, Jarrett A

From: Archaeology, Vol. 64, No. 2, pp. 29-31

Published: March-April 2011

Interview with Tim Sutherland regarding the discovery of the remains of two (or possibly three) guns on ‘what is believed to have been the Lancastrian side of the battlefield’.

The Battle of Towton 1461

McGill, Patrick

Booklet

Published: 1992

Covering events from Ludford Bridge 1459 to Towton, including the battle of Wakefield. Includes lists of those present.

The Battle of Towton

Markham, Clements R

From: Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, Vol. 10

Published: 1889

Detailed account, with biographical notes on the participants.

The Battle of Towton

Ransome, Cyril

From: EHR, Vol. 4

Published: 1889

Account of the battle based on examination of the area.

Killing Time: Challenging the Common Perceptions of Three Medieval Conflicts – Ferrybridge, Dintingdale and Towton – ‘the Largest Battle on British Soil’

Sutherland, Tim

From: Journal of Conflict Archaeology, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 1-25

Published: 2009

Sutherland suggests a new interpretation of the huge casualty figures given in contemporary sources based on the different methods of timekeeping in use at the period.

The Battle of Piltown - August 1462

The Battle of Piltown, 1462

Butler, George

From: The Irish Sword, Vol 6, No 24, pp. 196-212

Published: Summer 1964

Article from the journal of the Military History Society of Ireland discussing the only battle of the Wars of the Roses to have been fought in Ireland, in which the Lancastrians were represented by the attainted Earl of Ormond backed by English forces, and the Yorkists by the Earl of Desmond. Butler describes the background to the battle, what is known of the engagement and its political aftermath.

The Battle of Hexham - 14th May 1464

The Battle of Hexham 1464

Charlesworth, Dorothy

From: Archaeologia Aeliana, 4th Series, Vol 30

Published: 1952

The course of the battle, and the events leading up to it.

The Queen and the Robber: A Hexham Story

Corfe, Tom

From: Hexham Historian, No 8

Published: July 1998

A study of this story in the context of what is known as the Battle of Hexham.

Lincolnshire Rebellion and Empingham/Losecoat Field - February-March 1470

An Unnoticed Battle

Barton, M

From: Rutland Magazine, Vol 1

Published: 1904

Full account of the Battle of Empingham

The Lincolnshire Rebellion of March 1470

Holland, P

From: EHR, Vol 103.No 409

Published: October 1988

Detailed account, using the Chronicle (written by a Yorkist) and other contemporary sources.

The Battle of Loosecoat Field March 1470

Knapp, Juanita L

From: Squire Magazine, Vol 1, No 8

Published: 1980

Brief account of the battle.

Chronicle of the Rebellion in Lincolnshire 1470

Nichols, John Gough (ed)

From: Camden Miscellany, Vol 1

Published: 1847

Transcript of the Chronicle (written by a Yorkist), with introduction and notes.

Rutland – Battle of Losecoat Field

Simpson, John

From: Leicestershire and Rutland Notes and Queries, Vol 1

Published: 1889-91

Brief account of the engagement.

Lincolnshire Rebels Threw away their Coats – and Lost the Battle of Empingham

Smithies, Alan

From: Grantham Journal

Published: 20th March 1970

Brief account of the Lincolnshire Rebellion and the Battle of Empingham.

The Battle of Nibley Green - 20th March 1470

On the Great Berkeley Lawsuit of the 15th and 16th Centuries: A Chapter of Gloucestershire History

Cooke, James Herbert

From: Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucester Archaeological Society, Vol. 3

Published: 1878-9

A history of the property dispute between the Berkeleys and the Talbots, of which the Battle of Nibley Green was the most violent expression.

Yorkshire Rising - July 1470

Lord Fitzhugh’s Rising in 1470

Pollard, A J

From: BIHR, Vol. 52, No. 126

Published: 1979

Argues that the rising was potentially more dangerous than is usually thought because those involved were members of Warwick’s northern affinity.

War Between England and Burgundy - February 1471

The Wars of the Roses: A New Footnote

Davis, G R C

From: British Museum Quarterly, Vol. 20

Published: 1955-6

On a letter from Warwick to Louis XI promising England’s support against the Duke of Burgundy.

The Outbreak of War between England and Burgundy in February 1471

Myers, A R

From: BIHR, Vol. 33, Issue 87

Published: May 1960

On a letter from Warwick to Louis XI promising England’s support against the Duke of Burgundy.

The Battle of Barnet - 14th April 1471

The Newsletter of Gerhard von Wesel, 17 April 1471

Adair, John

From: the Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

Published: 1968

A Hanseatic merchant’s account of Edward’s campaign to regain the crown, up to the Battle of Barnet.

Chroniclers of the Battle of Barnet

Bernard, Philippa; Green, Brigid Grafton

Hendon and District Arch. Society Occasional Paper No 1

Published: 1971

Description of various chronicles and other original sources of information on the battle.

The Battle of Barnet April 14th 1471

Burne, A H

Chapter 9 of Burne’s The Battlefields of England

Published: 1950

Account of the battle.

The Battle of Barnet

Cass, Frederick Charles

From: Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, Vol. 6

Published: 1882

Account of the battle by the rector of Monken Hadley.

Battle on Easter Day

Collier, Hubert

From: Lloyds Log

Published: March-April 1971

Account of the battle based on an examination of the battlefield.

Barnet

Hammond, Peter

Single sheet

Two battle plans, for the early and late stages of the Battle of Barnet.

Battle of Barnet Quincentenary 1971: Commemorative Brochure

Hicks, David (ed.)

Booklet

Published: 1971

Series of short articles on warfare in the late Middle Ages, the Yorkist and Lancastrian claims to the throne, and the battle itself.

The Battle of Barnet

Hutchison, Sheila

From: The Lady

Published: April 1971

Short account of the battle.

The Battle of Barnet 1471

McGill, Patrick

Freezywater Publications booklet

Published: 1996

A detailed discussion of the battle. 40 pages.

Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and the Battle of Barnet

Sutton, Anne F

From: Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre

Published: 1985

Brief article embodying a note published in The Ricardian, Vol. 5, No. 71, December 1980. Examines the evidence for the common belief that Richard commanded the van at Barnet.

Edward IV’s Memoir on Paper to Charles, Duke of Burgundy: The So-called ‘Short Version of the Arrivall’

Visser-Fuchs, Livia

Booklet

Published: 1992

Reprint of article from Nottingham Medieval Studies, Vol. 36, discussing the Short Arrivall, which includes a description of the Battle of Barnet.

Reappraisal of the Battle of Barnet 1471

Warren, B

Potters Bar and District Historical Society special booklet

Published: 2009

Reappraisal of the site of the battle in the light of primary sources and early local maps. 44 pages.

The Battle of Tewkesbury - 4th May 1471

Battle of Tewkesbury: Fate of the Combatants

Anon

Typescript

Contemporary lists of those slain, executed, pardoned and knighted.

The Battle of Tewkesbury

Baker, Alan

From: British History Illustrated, Vol. 1, No. 1

Published: February 1975

Well-illustrated account of the battle.

The Battle of Tewkesbury AD 1471

Bazeley, Rev. Canon

From: Transactions of the Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Vol. 26

Published: 1903

Orthodox account of the battle.

Account of King Edward the Fourth’s Second Invasion of England, in 1471, Drawn up by One of his Followers; with the King’s Letter to the Inhabitants of Bruges upon his Success; Translated from a French Manuscript in the Public Library of Ghent

Bedingfield, Lady Charlotte Georgiana (transcriber); Jerningham, Edward (editor)

From: Archaeologia, Vol. 21

Published: 1826

English translation (unattributed) of Edward Jerningham’s copy of a transcription of the original manuscript made by his sister Lady Bedingfield.

The Battle of Tewkesbury

Blyth, J D

From: Transactions of the Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Vol. 80

Published: 1961

Misleading account of the battle.

The Battle of Tewkesbury May 14th [sic] 1471

Burne, A H

Chapter 10 of Burne’s The Battlefields of England

Published: 1950

Account of the battle.

Battle of Tewkesbury, May 1471

Collier, Hubert

From: Lloyds Log

Published: May 1971

Account based on examination of the battlefield.

Tewkesbury – May 4th 1471

Hammond, Peter

Single sheet

Plan of the battle.

Battle of Tewkesbury 4th May 1471

Hammond,  P W; Shearring H G; Wheeler, G

Booklet

Published: 1971

Illustrated commemorative booklet for the 500th anniversary; covers who fought and why, the course of the battle, its aftermath, and monuments and memorials

From: a Chronicle of Tewkesbury Abbey

Kingsford,  C L (ed.)

Chapter 14 of Kingsford’s English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century

Published: 1913

Transcript of a brief contemporary account of the battle. Describes the violation of the abbey and gives a list of those slain. Partly in Latin, but an English translation of the Latin portion in available.

The Battle of Tewkesbury: May 4th 1471

Linell, B

Booklet

Published: 1971

A misleading account of the battle written for the 500th anniversary.

Descriptive Particulars of the Battle of Tewkesbury and of All Known Local Scenes and Memorials of the Battle

North, William

Booklet

Published: Undated but probably late 19th century

An account of the battle, with local information on places said to be associated with it.

A May Day in Tewkesbury When a Crown Was Lost and Won

Pearson, Dorothy Kendall

From: Cotswold Life

Published: June 1974

Retells the story of the bloody battle of Tewkesbury and tries to sift the facts from the legends.

The Burials of Lancastrian Notables in Tewkesbury Abbey after the Battle, A.D. 1471

Rushforth, G McN

From: Transactions of the Bristol & Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Vol. 47

Published: 1925

Identifies the nobles killed, and the sites of their graves in the abbey.

Edward IV’s Memoir on Paper to Charles, Duke of Burgundy: The so-called ‘Short Version of the Arrivall’

Visser-Fuchs, Livia

Booklet

Published: 1992

Reprint of article from Nottingham Medieval Studies, Vol. 36, discussing the Short Arrivall, which includes a description of the Battle of Tewkesbury.

Museum Diorama

Wheeler, Geoffrey

From: Airfix Magazine, Vol. 13, No. 8

Published: April 1972

Description of the construction of a scale model of the battle, made from converted Airfix figures, on display in the museum at Tewkesbury.

Battle of Tewkesbury 1471: A Roll of Arms

Wheeler, Geoffrey

Booklet

Published: 1971

Brief biographies and coats of arms of those known to have been present at the battle.

The Battle of Tewkesbury 1471

Wheeler, Geoffrey; McGill, Patrick

Freezywater Publications booklet

Published: 1995

An account of the battle by Patrick McGill followed by Geoffrey Wheeler’s A Roll of Arms (see above).

Kentish Rising - May 1471

Fauconberg’s Kentish Rising of May 1471

Richmond, C F

From: EHR, Vol. 85

Published: 1970

On the causes and eventual defeat of the uprising.

Campaign in France - 1475

The Hundred Years’ War and Edward IV’s 1475 Campaign in France

Lander, J R

Chapter 9 of Lander’s Crown and Nobility 1450-1509

Published: 1976 (but originally published in 1972 in Tudor Men and Institutions: Studies in English Law and Government, ed. A. J. Slavin)

Differing attitudes towards fighting in France under Henry V and Edward IV.

War With Scotland -1480-84

Research: Richard, Duke of Gloucester, and the Scottish War

Benathan, Norma; Johnson, Wendy; Akers, Stuart; Pendlington, Sandra

From: The Court Journal (Scottish Branch Magazine)

Published: Spring 2014

Separate contributions from the four authors covering Richard’s role as Warden of the West March, the background to the war with Scotland and the war itself. Includes brief biographies of other protagonists, viz. James III and his brother Albany, and Richard’s fellow commanders Northumberland and Stanley.

The Yorkists at War: Military Leadership in the English War with Scotland 1480-82

Cunningham, Sean

From: The Yorkist Age, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, Vol. 23, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer

Published: 2011

On the causes of the war and how Gloucester and Albany came to play such prominent roles.

The Impact of Warfare on the Scottish Marches, c.1481-c.1513

Goodman, Anthony

From: The Fifteenth Century, Vol. 7, ed. Linda Clark

Published: 2007

An examination of the evidence about some of the effects of warfare on the East and Middle marches.

The 1482 Invasion of Scotland by the Army of Richard, Duke of Gloucester

Payne, Patricia F; Pendlington, Sandra

Text of article originally published in The Court Journal (Scottish Branch Magazine)

2015

Tentative reconstruction of Richard’s campaign based mainly on critical examination of Hall’s account, the knight lists of Shaw and Metcalfe, and study of the local terrain. Includes large-scale maps.

Buckingham's Rebellion - October-November 1483

The Proclamation of Henry Tudor as King of England, 3 November 1483

Arthurson, Ian; Kingwell, Nicholas

From: BIHR, Vol. 63, Issue 150

Published: February 1990

Discussion of a document surviving in the Borlase Collection, which consists of a return on investigations into estates forfeited by participants in Buckingham’s Rebellion. The paper focuses on the description in this document of the rebels’ stand at Bodmin during the month following Buckingham’s execution, and their alleged intention to set up another king (alium regem) in place of Richard III.

The Maidstone Sector of Buckingham’s Rebellion, Oct. 18, 1483

Conway, Agnes Ethel

From: Archaeologia Cantiana, Vol. 37

Published: 1925

Brief account of eastern (Maidstone) section of the rebellion, and biographical details of the rebels.

The Death of Edward V and the Rebellion of 1483

Morgan, Philip

From: BIHR, Vol. 68

Published: 1995

Discusses the statement in the Anlaby Cartulary that Edward V was murdered on 26th June 1483 and his body ‘drowned’ (submersum), and suggests a possible link between this document, the Lewkenor family and Buckingham’s refocusing of the rebellion planned to reinstate Edward V.

The Battle of Bosworth - 22nd August 1485

INDIVIDUAL:

Bosworth Feilde

Anon

From: Bishop Percy’s Folio Manuscript: Ballads and Romances, Vol 3, ed J W Hales & F J Furnivall

Published: 1868

Near-contemporary metrical account of the Battle of Bosworth, similar to Ladye Bessiye

Bosworth: What Really Happened?

Anon

From: Military History Monthly (previously Military Times), pp 14-17

Demonstrates how the recent archaeological finds and greater attention to contemporary sources have overturned the traditional view, expressed by Charles Oman in the 1920s, that English military strategy during the Wars of the Roses was stuck in the past.

Lady Bessiye

Anon

From: Bishop Percy’s Folio Manuscript – Ballads and Romances, Vol 3, ed J W Hales & F J Furnivall, pp 319-363]

Published: 1868

Metrical account of the Battle of Bosworth, similar to, but probably slightly later than, Bosworth Feilde.

The Rose of Englande

Anon

From: Bishop Percy’s Foilo Manuscript -Ballads and Romances, Vol 3, ed J W Hales & F J Furnivall

Published: 1868

An early poem in the Stanley cycle, relating in an allegorical manner how the Earl of Richmond won the crown.

The Bosworth Crucifix

Ashdown-Hill, John

From: Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological & Historical Society, No 78

Published: 2004

On the provenance of the cross.

Note: See also Peter Foss’s rejoinder below.

Bosworth Field: A Poem

Beaumont, Sir John

From: The Poems of Sir John Beaumont, ed Alexander B Grosart

Published: 1869 edition of work first published in 1629

Verses describing the battle.

Note. A transcription by Mar O’Regan is also available, with archaic i, v and u changed respectively to j, u and v where so pronounced.

Three Prophecies that Came True

Bird, Vivian

From: Birmingham Sunday Mercury

Published: c 1960s

Relays three prophecies of doom said to have been given to Richard before the battle and walks from Sutton Wharf to Dickon’s Well. The author’s view of history is firmly traditionalist.

Note: The reference to the Society as The Fellowship of the White Boar cannot be used to date the piece, as the author appears to have taken the name from the plaque on Dickon’s Well.

The Last Battle of the Roses: A Paper on the Battle of Bosworth Field

Burgess, J Tom

Photocopy of booklet

Published: 1872

Outdated description of the battle based on talks given to local archaeological and historical societies in 1870 and 1872.

The Battle of Bosworth, August 22nd, 1485

Burne, A H

Chapter 11 of Burne’s The Battlefields of England

Published: 1950

Outdated account of the battle.

The Landing Place of Henry of Richmond 1485

Chrimes, S B

From: Welsh History Review, Vol. 2, No. 2

Published: 1964

Suggests Henry’s landing place can be identified as Mill Bay, near Dale at the entrance to Milford Haven.

When Treason Crowned a Tudor

Cleugh, James

From: Everybody’s Weekly

Published: 8th August, 1953

Somewhat over-imaginative account of the battle.

DE VALERA, Diego: See PENNA

English Heritage Battlefield Report: Bosworth 1485

English Heritage

Typescript

Published: 1995

Summarises knowledge of the battle at the time of writing.

Talking Points: The Battle of Bosworth Field: A Welsh Victory?

Evans, Robin

From: History Review, Issue 44, Part 4

Published: December 2002.

Modifies the traditional perception of Bosworth as a victory for Wales.

The Battle of Bosworth Field

Featherstone, Bill

Handout published by the Friends of the National Army Museum

Published: 2001

Summary of what was known about the battle at the time of writing.

Finding Bosworth . . .

Foard, Glenn

From: Battlefield, Vol. 14, Issue 4

Published: Winter 2009-10

Synopsis: Foard describes his team’s discovery of medieval cannon shot midway between Dadlington and Fenny Drayton.

Correspondence: The Bosworth Crucifix

Foss, Peter J.

Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological & Historical Society, Vol. 87

Published: 2013

Synopsis: Questions John Ashdown-Hill’s suggestion that the cross is likely to have been used, and lost, at the battle.

The Battle of Bosworth – Where Was It Fought? A Preliminary Report

Foss, Peter J

Typescript

Published: August 1985

Peter Foss’s first brief paper questioning the traditional site of the battle, in which he suggests a site between Ambien Hill and Dadlington.

The Battle of Bosworth: Towards a Reassessment

Foss, Peter J

From: Midland History, Vol. 13

Published: 1988

Uses documentary and topographical evidence to suggest moving the battle site still further from Ambien Hill, to Dadlington itself.

The Battle of Bosworth

Gairdner James

From: Archaeologia, Vol. 55

Published: 1896

Detailed but outdated account of the battle.

The Battle of Bosworth

Gairdner, James; Hammond, P W

Richard III Society booklet

Published: 1975

Comprises Gairdner’s 1896 paper (see above), The Ballad of Bosworth Field, and the relevant passages from Croyland and Vergil, together with an introduction by Peter Hammond pointing out where subsequent work (i.e. to 1975) had shown Gairdner’s paper to be in need of ‘a few corrections or alterations of emphasis’.

A Castilian Report on English Affairs, 1486

Goodman, Anthony; Mackay, Angus

From: EHR, Vol. 88

Published: January 1973

Discussion of de Valera’s letter describing events in England from August 1485 to January 1486.

Note. For the actual text of the letter, see below under PENNA.

The Scots at Bosworth

Hammond, Peter W

From: Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre

Published: 1985

Short piece first published in The Ricardian, Vol. 4, No. 56, March 1977. On the evidence that Tudor had Scotsmen with him at Bosworth.

The Stanleys before Bosworth

Hammond, Peter W

From: Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre

Published: 1985

Brief article first published in The Ricardian, Vol. 4, No. 69, June 1980. Examination, in the light of a newly discovered document, of the story that Lord Stanley was forced to leave his son Lord Strange with Richard as a hostage before going home to raise men.

White Surrey

Hammond, Peter W

From: Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre

Published: 1985

Brief piece first published in The Ricardian, Vol. 5, No. 64, March 1979. Discusses the sixteenth-century tradition that the horse Richard rode at Bosworth was called White Surrey.

Traitors on the Touchlines

Hancock, C V

From: The Birmingham Post

Published: Undated but prior to the opening of the Battlefield Centre

Brief account of the battle and the Ambien Hill site.

Note. The reference to the Society as The Fellowship of the White Boar cannot be used to date the piece, as the author appears to have taken the name from the plaque on Dickon’s Well.

Bosworth 1485: Did French Pikemen Kill Richard III?

Harley, Alan; Hinsley, Mark

From: Skirmish: Living History, Issue 89, pp. 42-46

Published: May-June 2011

Brief article by two members of the Beaufort Companye of re-enactors, illustrated with colour photographs of a battle re-enactment. The authors present the evidence for the presence, and crucial role, of a substantial contingent of French forces in Henry Tudor’s army, and discuss what is known about their training and fighting methods.

Harcourt and the Bosworth Standard

Harris, O D

From: Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre

Published: 1985

Brief article first published in The Ricardian, Vol. 5, No. 69, June 1980. Discusses the local tradition that Sir Robert Harcourt of Stanton Harcourt, Oxfordshire, was Henry Tudor’s standard bearer at Bosworth.

The Transmission of the News of the Tudor Landing

Harris, O D

From: Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre

Published: 1985

Article first published in The Ricardian, Vol. 4, No. 55, December 1976. Discusses the means by which Richard was able to obtain news of Tudor’s landing at Milford Haven within four days.

Tudor Heraldry at Bosworth

Harris, O D

From: Richard III, Crown and People, ed. J. Petre

Published: 1985

Article first published in The Ricardian, Vol. 5, No. 67, December 1979. Discusses the evidence for the heraldry depicted on Henry Tudor’s standard and banner, and the importance of not confusing the two flags.

Treachery: What Really Brought Down Richard III

Hipshon, David

From: BBC History Magazine

Published: March 2009

Suggests that Richard may have lost Bosworth not because he was unpopular but because the Stanleys saw him as a block to their local ambitions.

The Every-day Book – August 22

Hone, William

From: The Every-day Book, Vol. 2

Published: 1827

On the Battle of Bosworth and the erection of the cairn over Dickon’s Well.

The Battle of Bosworth Field

Hudson, Raymond

From: The Lady

Published: 27th July, 1978

Short description of the battle and battlefield.

Note. The last part of the article is missing.

Sketchbook: Such a Bright and Cheerful Sight in the Spring Sunshine

Hughes, Olwen

From: Leicester Mercury

Published: 1st May, 2009

Description of walk from Sutton Cheney to the chapel and the Dog and Hedgehog inn in Dadlington, illustrated with a sketch of the last.

Bosworth and the Tudors

Jones, Dafydd Glyn; Jones, Ellis; O’Regan, Stephen (translator)

Typed translations of extracts from the Jones’ Bosworth a’r Tuduriaid

Published: 1985

Extracts dealing with the battle and the events leading up to it from a Welsh perspective.

Bosworth Field: An Episode of Welsh History

Jones, W Garmon

From: Transactions of Liverpool Welsh National Society

Published: 1910-12

Discusses Welsh attitudes to Richard III and Henry Tudor.

Wales and Bosworth Field – Selective Historiography?

Jones, Emyr Wynn

From: National Library of Wales Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1

Published: Summer 1979

Synopsis: Discusses the way in which the literature on Bosworth ignores of the role of Wales and Welshmen.

The Battle of Bosworth Field

Rees, Captain D C Kibble

From: The Trumpeter (journal of the Junior Leaders’ Regiment of the Royal Artillery), Vol. 40

Published: Winter 1971

Short account of the battle, from a military viewpoint.

Reconstructing Richard III: Discovering the Man behind the Myth

King, Turi

Description: From Current Archaeology, Issue 277

Published: April 2013

Article by Turi King, lecturer in Genetics and Archaeology at the University of Leicester and one of the team who studied Richard’s remains. She describes the process of identifying the bones, and what they tell us about the manner of Richard’s death at Bosworth. Several colour illustrations.

Battlefield of Bosworth

Leicestershire County Council

Description: Official booklet

Published: 1974

Visitor’s guide to the Ambien Hill site produced for the opening of the Visitors’ Centre.

Places to Know – 10: Bosworth Field

Maddox, Inspector K W

Description: From Tally Ho (magazine of the Leicestershire and Rutland Constabulary)

Published: Autumn 1966

Illustrated account of the battle, not wholly accurate even in the context of its time.

The Road to Bosworth Field

Makinson, Albert

From: History Today

Published: April 1963

Outdated account of the battle and what led up to it.

Places of Interest: Bosworth Battlefield Visitors’ Centre

Martin, Rob

From: Medieval History, Vol. 6, Issue 1

Published: 2003

Overview of the battle and its historical significance, followed by a description of the Visitors’ Centre.

A Spanish Account of the Battle of Bosworth

Nokes, Elizabeth M; Wheeler, Geoffrey

From: The Ricardian, No. 36

Published: March 1972

Discussion of the letter describing the battle written by Diego de Valera to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (see item below); the article is based on, and includes a full reprint of, the English translation published in the Bulletin of Spanish Studies, IV, 1927, pp. 34-37.

A Church for Bosworth Field: St. James Dadlington and the Battlefield Chantry

Parry, Tim

Booklet

Published: 1987

On the history of the chantry and the light it sheds on the siting of the battle.

The Route to Bosworth

Pearson, Laurie

From: Esprit de Corps (historical war games magazine), No. 5

Published: 1987

Discusses the events influencing the final location of the battle, and whether or not this was a Welsh invasion of England.

Letter by Diego de Valera to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, dated 1 March 1486

PENNA D. Mario (ed.)

From: Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, Vol. 1: Prosistas Castellanos del Siglo XV

Published: 1959

Ferdinand and Isabella’s official historian, Diego de Valera, writes from the port of Santa María with details about Tudor’s victory that he has received from merchants newly arrived from England. The letter contains many inaccuracies and considerable confusion of personnel, but is by far the earliest known account of the battle. In Spanish, but a translation by Marie Barnfield (with footnotes) is attached.

22 August 1485: The Battle of Bosworth

Public Record Office

Typescript

Published: 1985

The record of an exhibition to mark the quincentenary of the battle. Lists documents in the PRO (now TNA) relevant to Bosworth and its aftermath, with summaries of their contents and their call numbers.

Materia non Medica: White Roses for Me

Richardson J G R

From: The British Medical Journal, Vol. 291, p. 1714

Published: 14th December, 1985

Bosworth quincentenary memorial piece.

The Battle of Bosworth

Richmond, Colin

From: History Today, Vol. 35

Published: August 1985

A new analysis of the course of the battle, and the earliest published suggestion that it was fought in the parish of Dadlington (Peter Foss’s initial paper on the subject, published in the same month, merely suggested a site between Dadlington and Ambien Hill). Includes follow-up correspondence from the October 1985 issue.

1485 and All That, or What Was Going on at the Battle of Bosworth

Richmond, Colin

Chapter from Richard III: Loyalty, Lordship and Law, ed. P. W. Hammond

Published: 1986

Suggests that one of the causes of the Battle of Bosworth was the lack of foreign wars since 1453 and gives an analysis of who fought on both sides in the battle.

Bosworth: The Dawn of the Tudors

Skidmore, Chris

From: BBC History Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 6

Published: July 2013

An article advertising Skidmore’s biography of Henry VII. ‘Charts the origins of the Tudor dynasty’ from the family’s disastrous support of Owain Glyndwr in 1400 through to the end of Henry Tudor’s exile.

Beware of Pretenders at Bosworth

Taylor, Paul

From: Medieval History Magazine, Issue 12

Published: August 2004

Short article on the battle by a Leicestershire cartoonist.

Homeless Bones

Taylor, Paul

From: Fortean Times, No. 273, pp. 58-9

Published: April 2011

Short article by Leicestershire cartoonist on Richard’s death and the fate of his body.

The Battle of Sandeford: Henry Tudor’s Understanding of the Meaning of Bosworth Field

Thornton, Tim

From: BIHR, Vol. 78, No. 201, pp. 436-442

Published: August 2005

‘Sandeford’, a name given to the Battle of Bosworth in an early proclamation, is identified by the author as that of the Last Battle as prophesied by the 13th-14th century Scottish visionary Thomas the Rhymer of Ercildoun.

Battlefield of Bosworth: Where It Is and What There Is to See

Turner, Edward

Leicestershire County Council official booklet

Published: 1976

Guide to the battlefield.

VALERA, Diego de: see PENNA

The Battle of Bosworth 1485

WATSON John

Freezywater Publications booklet

Published: 1998

An account of the political background to the Tudor invasion, and of the battle itself. Includes colour illustrations of the standards and banners of the leaders and a list of participants.

The Battle of Bosworth

Williams, D T

Booklet

Published: 1973

Detailed but occasionally misleading account – see review in The Ricardian, No. 43, December 1973.

Henry of Richmond’s Itinerary to Bosworth

Williams, W Tom

From: Y Cymmrodor (magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion), Vol. 29

Published: 1919

Henry’s route from Milford Haven to Bosworth, day by day.

COLLECTIONS:

Battlesite Controversy

Assorted cuttings

Published: 1994-2008

Newspaper articles plus debate from letters section of Ricardian Bulletin dealing with the controversy over where the Battle of Bosworth was fought.

Quincentenary Celebrations

Assorted cuttings & leaflets

Published: 1985

Newspaper and magazine articles, programmes, etc., relating to the Bosworth quincentenary celebrations.

Humphrey Stafford Rebellion -1486

Opposition to Henry Tudor after Bosworth

Hampton, W E

From: Richard III: Crown and People, ed J Petre

Published: 1985

First published in The Ricardian, Vol 4, No 55. December 1976. About the Yorkist risings of the first year of Henry’s reign.

The Rebellion of Humphrey Stafford in 1486

Williams, C H

From: EHR, Vol 43

Published: 1928

On the unsuccessful Yorkist rising by Francis Lovell and the Staffords of Grafton-by-Bromsgrove.

The Battle of Stoke Field - 16th June 1487

Stoke Field’s Last Stand

Bainbridge, Norman

From: History Today, Vol. 37

Published: June 1987

Brief account of the battle and summary of the quincentenary events and publications.

A Strange Accident of State: Henry VII and the Lambert Simnel Conspiracy

Beeston, David

Booklet

Published: 1987

Sixty-page account of the Lambert Simnel rebellion largely based on Vergil.

The Battle of East Stoke

Bishop, M W

Booklet

Published: 1987

Concise account of the campaign and the battle based on contemporary sources.

The Field of the Battle of Stoke

Brooke, Richard

Chapter 9 of Brooke’s Visits to Fields of Battle, in England, of the Fifteenth Century

Published: 1857

An account based on Brooke’s personal examination of the battlefield in the 1850s.

The Battle of Stoke Field, 16 June 1487

Burne, A H

Chapter 14 of Burne’s More Battlefields of England

Published: 1952

Fairly detailed account of the battle.

Original Documents relating to Lambert Symnell’s Rebellion in the Second Year of King Henry VII, Selected from the Municipal Archives of the City of York

Davies, Robert

From: Memoirs illustrative of the History and Antiquities of the County and City of York, ed. Archaeological Institute of Great Britain & Ireland

Published: 1847

Transcripts of documents relating to the Lambert Simnel Rebellion.

The Battle of Stoke Field 1487

Nottinghamshire County Council

Leaflet/ poster

Published: 1987

Unfolds to show a poster on one side and a brief account of the battle and guide to the battlefield on the other.

The Battle of Stoke Field 1487

Roberts, David E

Booklet

Published: 1987

Detailed account of the events leading up to the battle and the battle itself; well illustrated with photographs and maps.

The Battle of Stoke-Field, or Burham Fight, between King Henry the VII and John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln

Shilton, R P

Booklet, 82 pages

Published: 1828

Account by local antiquary, with quotations from early chronicles.

Yorkshire Rebellion - 1489

The Yorkshire Rebellion of 1489 Reconsidered

Hicks M A

From: Northern History, Vol 22

Published: 1986

Studies the causes and course of the rebellion, during which the 4th Earl of Northumberland was slain.

The Murder at Cocklodge 28th April 1489

James, M E

From: Durham University Journal, Vol 57

Published: 1964-5

Asks whether this was a tax revolt with Yorkist overtones or a plot encouraged by Henry VII to rid himself of an overmighty subject.

Perkin Warbeck

Letter from Henry VII to Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon, Concerning Perkin Warbeck

Anon

Facsimile of letter plus explanatory sheet

Published/Presented: Probably shortly after 1972

The King’s letter commands Courtenay to make his musters at Oakhampton. Dated ‘at oure Manoir of Wodestok the xvj day of Septembre at viiJ of the clok in the night’. The explanatory notes point out that this important letter was as yet unpublished and overlooked (but see Attreed below).

The Rising of 1497: A Revolt of the Peasantry?

Arthurson, Ian

From: People, Politics & Community in the Later Middle Ages, ed J Rosenthal & C Richmond

Published: 1987

Concludes that ‘the rising of 1497 was not wholly Cornish nor entirely peasant’.

A New Source for Perkin Warbeck’s Invasion of 1497

Attreed, Lorraine C

Medieval Studies, Vol 48

Published: 1986

Discussion (with transcript) of Henry’s letter of instructions to Courtenay on how to defeat Warbeck and the rebel forces.

National War and Dynastic Politics: Henry VII’s Capacity to Wage War in the Scottish Campaigns of 1496-1497

Cunningham, Sean

From: England and Scotland at War, c 1296-c 1513, ed A King & D Simpson, History of Warfare series No 78

Published: 2012

Illustration of Henry VII’s success in establishing control of England’s military forces, through ‘a snapshot of the Tudor regime’s military response to the threat from Scotland in 1496 and 1497, coming, as it does, halfway through Henry VII’s reign…’

Notes on the Perkin Warbeck Insurrection

Cussans J E

From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol 1

Published: 1872

Covers events between 1491 and 1499.

The Cornish Rising of 1497

Public Record Office

Exhibition catalogue

Published: 1997

Guide to quincentenary exhibition held at the PRO (now TNA) in 1997.

An Anwan ha’n Gurun (The Anvil and the Crown): An Sordyas Kernewek (The Cornish Rebellion) 1497

Webb, Brian

From: Kowethas an Yeth Kerneweth (The Cornish Language Fellowship)

Published: 1995 edition

36-page booklet, with text in both Cornish and English. An accessible account of the rebellion, including a map showing the route of the rebel march to London. Lacks references.

Banner image of King Richard III’s Book of Hours (MS 474f.7v) reproduced by kind permission of Lambeth Palace Library.