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Non-Fiction Papers
Politics, Government & Administration
Royal Propaganda and the Proclamations of Edward IV
Allan, Alison
From: Historical Research, Vol 59, Issue 140, pp 146-154
Published: November 1986
Was it the Tudors or Edward IV, who turned the royal proclamation into a tool of political propaganda?
Diplomacy in Late-Medieval England
Allmand, C T
From: History Today, Vol. 17
Published: August 1967
On the development of the use of authorized ambassadors.
The Exchequer in Late Medieval Government, c. 1485-1530
Alsop, J D
From: Aspects of Government and Society in Later Medieval England: essays in honour of J. R. Lander, ed. John Rowe
Published: 1986
Challenges the common scholarly perception of the moribund, reactionary Exchequer becoming eclipsed by the progressive Chamber.
Why did Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick, play such a prominent role in English politics between 1459 and his death at the Battle of Barnet?
Anon (possibly a member of the Beds/ Bucks Group)
Perhaps the script of a talk given to the Beds/Bucks Group of the Richard III Society
Undated
Paper, with copious footnotes and a bibliography, providing an overview of Warwick’s background, estates and experience in order to isolate the factors that enabled him to wield such influence in the 1460s.
A Letter of James III to the Duke of Burgundy
Armstrong, C A J
From: England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, pp. 389-402
Published: 1983
Article originally published in Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, Vol. 8, 1951. Discusses a letter written by King James to Charles Duke of Burgundy in response to the latter’s request that he should pardon the Boyds, who had seized him and ruled in his name from 1466 to 1469.
An Italian Astrologer at the Court of Henry VII
Armstrong, C A J
From: England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, pp. 157-178
Published: 1983
Article originally published in Studies in Medieval History Presented to F. M. Powicke, ed. R. W. Hunt, W. A. Pantin & R. W. Southern, Oxford, 1948. The astrologer in question is William Parron, and the article concentrates on the political aspects of his writings.
Had the Burgundian Government a Policy for the Nobility?
Armstrong, C A J
From: England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, pp. 213-236
Published: 1983
Article originally published in Britain and the Netherlands II. Papers Delivered to the Anglo-Dutch Conference, 1962, ed. J. S. Bromley & E. H. Kosaman, pub. J. B. Wolters, Groningen, 1964. A study of how the Burgundian government handled the divergent models of nobility – from feudal to urban – found in their various territories.
La Double Monarchie France-Angleterre et la Maison de Bourgogne (1420-1435): le déclin d’une alliance
Armstrong, C A J
From: England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, pp. 343-374
Published: 1983
Article originally published in Annales de Bourgogne, Vol 37, 1965. Traces the Anglo-Burgundian alliance from the Treaty of Troyes to Burgundy’s reconciliation with Charles VII at the Congress of Arras. (In French.)
La Politique Matrimoniale des Ducs de Bourgogne de la Maison de Valois
Armstrong, C A J
From: England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, pp. 375-381
Published: 1983
Article originally published in Annales de Bourgogne, Vol 40, 1968. A study of the dynastic marriages of the dukes of Burgundy. (In French.)
La Toison d’Or et la Loi des Armes
Armstrong, C A J
From: England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century, pp. 375-381
Published: 1983
Article originally published in Publications du Centre Européen d’Etudes Burgundo-Médianes, No. 5, 1963. Examines the application of Article 16 of the statutes of the Order of the Golden Fleece, according to which a knight is to be expelled from the Order if found guilty of the dishonour of fleeing from battle. (In French, but English translation available on request.)
The Inauguration Ceremonies of the Yorkist Kings and Their Title to the Throne
Armstrong, C A J
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4th Series, Vol. 30
Published: 1948
On the inauguration ceremonies of Edward IV, Edward V and Richard III.
Local Society and the Defence of the English Frontier in Fifteenth Century Scotland: The War Measures of 1482
Armstrong, Jackson W
From: Florilegium, Vol 25. (2008): 127-149.
Describes how the Scots organised the defence of their southern marches as a narrow band 10 miles deep or so. It consisted of flexible networks of fighting men with local support and cooperation under a hierarchy of wardens and their deputies without over-riding control from the centre of government, but with some use was made of paid soldiers based at certain locations, but most the fighting men responded to summons at their own expense. It was primarily a defence against border raids by the English, rather than against a serious English invasion. The system was not disturbed even by the arrest of the King by the nobility of Scotland, if fact the border marcher lords may have actively supported this to avoid a disastrous pitched battle in response to the 1482 invasion lead by Richard, Duke of Gloucester.
Espionage and Intelligence from the Wars of the Roses to the Reformation
Arthurson, Ian
From: Nottingham Medieval Studies, No. 35
Published: 1991
A well researched article on the types of espionage and counter-espionage employed by English rulers and those in rebellion against them.
King’s Interest: York’s Fee Farm and the Central Government 1482-92
Attreed, Lorraine C
From: Northern History, Vol. 17
Published: 1981
Problems arising from Richard III’s attempt to remit the tax payable by the city of York.
Medieval Bureaucracy and York’s Fee Farm During the Fifteenth Century
Attreed, Lorraine C
From: York Historian, Vol. 6
Published: 1985
Problems experienced by the city of York over the implementation of Richard III’s tax concessions to the city.
Jacobean Historiography and the Election of Richard III
Baker, David Weil
From: Huntingdon Library Quarterly, Vol. 70, No. 3
Published: September 2007
Discusses the challenge that the rediscovery of Titulus Regius posed to James I’s insistence that Parliament had never had any role to play in determining the royal succession.
The Making of English Criminal Law: (2) Star Chamber and the Sophistication of the Criminal Law
Barnes, Thomas G
From: Criminal Law Review
Published: 1977
Showing how the Court of Star Chamber developed from its beginnings under Edward IV.
Note: For Part (1), see under KAYE.
The Government of London: The Formative Phase, 1300-1500
Barron, Caroline M
From: London Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1
Published: 2001
Covers citizenship, the Court of Common Council, the Court of Aldermen and the Mayoralty. Focuses on the struggle between the wards and the guilds for control of city government.
Why Is the Bishop of Winchester Prelate of the Order?
Biddle, Martin
From: St George’s Chapel Windsor: History and Heritage, ed. N. Saul & T. Tatton-Brown
Published: 2010
Explores the reason for Edward III’s choice of the Bishop of Winchester as the prelate of the Order of the Garter despite the fact that Windsor lay within the diocese of Salisbury.
The Council of the North
Brooks, F W
From: Historical Association Pamphlet G: 25
Published: 1966 (revised edition)
History and antecedents of the Council of the North.
The King’s Councillors in Fifteenth Century England
Brown, A L
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Series, Vol. 19
Published: 1969
Survey of the composition of the royal council.
Continuity and Change in the Parliamentary Justifications of the Fifteenth-century Usurpations
Brown, Lucy
From: The Fifteenth Century, Vol. 7, ed. Linda Clark
Published: 2007
How the increasing use of deposition as a political tool during the fifteenth century was reconciled to the medieval ideal of the king as God’s representative on earth.
French Alliance or English Peace? Scotland and the Last Phase of the Hundred Years War, 1415-53
Brown, Michael
From: The Fifteenth Century, Vol. 7, ed. Linda Clark
Published: 2007
A study of the Franco-Scottish alliance in the context of the Anglo-French war.
The Tudors and the Royal Race
Bush, M L
From: History, Vol. 55
Published: February 1970
The Tudor dynasty’s relations with those related to the royal family by birth or marriage.
Complaint and Reform in Henry VII’s Reign: the Origins of the Statute of 3 Henry VII, c.2?
Cameron, A
From: BIHR, Vol. 51, No. 123
Published: 1978
On the origins of an Act to prevent the abduction of women.
Law, Justice and Landowners in Late Medieval England
Carpenter, Christine
From: Law and History Review, Vol. 1
Published: 1983
Discusses medieval attitudes to the law – in theory and in practice.
The Beauchamp Affinity: A Study of Bastard Feudalism at Work
Carpenter, Christine
From: EHR, Vol. 95
Published: July 1980
A study of the Warwickshire followers of Richard Beauchamp as an example of how bastard feudalism worked in practice.
War, Government and Governance in England in the Later Middle Ages
Carpenter, Christine
From: The Fifteenth Century, Vol. 7, ed. Linda Clark
Published: 2007
Examines how the financial and administrative demands of war impacted on the development of other areas of government.
The Enforcement of the Penal Statutes in the 1490s: Some New Evidence
Cavill, P R
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Using new evidence from the parliament of 1495, the author argues that King Henry’s enforcement of the penal statutes arose from an attitude to legislation that he had already formed by that period rather than increasing rapacity in his last years as claimed by contemporaries.
The Struggle for Power in Mid-fifteenth-century Devonshire
Cherry, Martin
From: Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England, ed. R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1981
An analysis of the process of polarisation amongst the local ruling class in Devonshire that led to the fight at Clyst in 1455 between the Earl of Devon and Lord Bonville and the Courtenays’ Lancastrian stance during the Wars of the Roses.
The Reign of Henry VII
Chrimes, S B
Chapter 4 of Fifteenth Century England 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society, ed. S. B. Chrimes, C. D. Ross & R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1972
Looks beyond Bacon to an assessment of Henry’s reign based on original sources.
The Pretensions of the Duke of Gloucester in 1422
Chrimes, S B
From: EHR, Vol. 45, No. 177
Published: 1930
On Duke Humphrey’s unsuccessful petition to parliament in 1422 to be recognised as governor of the realm rather than merely protector.
English Royal Marriages and the Papal Penitentiary in the Fifteenth Century
Clarke, Peter D
From: EHR, Vol. 120, No. 488, pp. 1014-1029
Published: September 2005
An important article reproducing the texts, and discussing the political backgrounds, of dispensations discovered by the author in the Penitentiary registers for the marriages of Margaret of York and Charles the Bold, Anne Neville and Edward of Lancaster, Anne Neville and Richard Duke of Gloucester, and Henry Tudor and Elizabeth of York.
Castles and Government in Tudor England
Colvn, H M
From: EHR, Vol. 83, No. 327
Published: April 1968
On the Tudor policy of acquiring castles to curb baronial power, but then allowing them to fall into ruin.
Richard, Son of Richard: Richard III and Political Prophecy
Coote, Lesley; Thornton, Tim
From: Historical Research, Vol. 73, No. 182, pp. 321-330
Published: 2000
Suggests that Richard was inspired to take the throne, and his contemporaries to allow this, by prophecies, two claiming that ‘R’ would succeed E on the throne, and the third naming the prophesied king as ‘Richard, son of Richard.’
Note. The authors do not properly address the drawback that our earliest written sources for all these prophecies postdate Bosworth.
The King’s Burden? – The Consequences of Royal Marriage in Fifteenth-century England
Crawford, Anne
From: Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England, ed. R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1981
A study of fifteenth-century queens as a group: how they were chosen and dowered, and how their households were supported and financed.
The Queen’s Council in the Middle Ages
Crawford, Anne
From: EHR, Vol. 116, No. 469
Published: November 2001
Discussion of the surviving evidence for the role and operation of the Queen’s Council.
Loyalty and the Usurper: Recognizances, the Council and Allegiance under Henry VII
Cunningham, Sean
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Using new material from the National Archives, Cunningham shows that Henry VII’s use of bonds as an instrument of policy in the later years of his reign arose from success in their deployment to address disloyalty and conspiracy from the earliest part of his reign.
Henry VII, France and the Holy League of Venice: The Diplomacy of Balance
Currin, John M
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Discusses Henry VII’s reaction to Charles VIII’s 1494 invasion of Italy and conquest of Naples, and the complex negotiations leading up to his entry into the Holy League of Venice. The author challenges the standard view that Henry was not concerned about the French conquest of Naples.
Information, Disinformation and Political Knowledge under Henry VII and Early Henry VIII
Davies, C S L
From: Historical Research, Vol. 85, No. 228, pp. 229-253
Published: May 2012
Challenges the view that Henry VII initiated a vigorous campaign of ‘Tudor propaganda’, arguing rather for a policy of obfuscation and evasion regarding both his own ancestry and the events of Richard’s reign. He further argues that the young Henry VIII was also concerned about the danger of shedding too much light on the events surrounding his father’s accession.
Richard III, Brittany and Henry Tudor
Davies, C S L
From: Nottingham Medieval Studies, Vol. 37, pp. 110-126
Published: 1993
Argues that Richard’s patent authorising the provision of 1,000 archers for service with the Duke of Brittany was issued, not in June 1484 as previously assumed, but in June 1485.
‘Roy de France et Roy d’Angleterre’: The English Claims to France, 1453-1558
Davies, C S L
From: Publication du Centre Européen d’Etudes Bourgignonnes (XIVe – XVe s.), No. 35
Published: 1995
Text of talk given at the Centre’s 1994 conference in Oxford showing how the English maintained their claim between the loss of Normandy and Guienne and the loss of Calais.
The Alleged ‘Sack of Bristol’: International Ramifications of Breton Privateering, 1484-5
Davies, C S L
From: Historical Research, Vol. 67, pp. 230-9
Published: 1994
Questions the authenticity of the story of the burning and pillaging of Bristol in 1484 by the Breton privateer Jean de Coetanlem, recounted in various modern French accounts of naval affairs and by Charles Ross in his Richard III.
Tyranny and Affinity: The Public and Private Authority of Richard II and Richard III
Dodd, Gwilym
pp 1 – 16 in The Fifteenth Century XVIII: Rulers, Regions and Retinues: CLARK, Linda; FLEMMING, Pete; Eds., (2020
Published: 2020, The Boydell Press; Woodbridge.
Interesting discussion of the similarities of the situations and actions taken by both Richards towards the ends of their reigns. It concludes that the argument that affinities were inherently bad does not tell the whole truth. Every king had to choose between showing good lordship to his affinity and exercising the impartial hand of justice and government. It is a moot point whether royal authority could ever operate in a system of personal favour and privilege, since this is an inescapable facet of kingship in general.
Fluid Prejudice: Scottish Origin Myths in the Later Middle Ages
Drexler, Marjorie
From: People, Politics & Community in the Later Middle Ages, ed. J. Rosenthal & C. Richmond
Published: 1987
How the Scots used origin myths to support their claim to national independence.
The ‘Redresses and Reparacons of Attemptates’: Alexander Legh’s Instructions from Edward IV, March-April 1475
Dunlop, David
From: Historical Research, Vol. 63, No. 152, pp. 340-353
Published: October 1990
Study of an extant set of instructions to Edward’s ambassador to Scotland, and discussion of the light they shed on Anglo-Scottish relations and Richard’s administration of the West March.
The Right to Rule in England: Depositions and the Kingdom’s Authority 1327-1485
Dunham, William Huse Jnr; Wood, Charles T
From: American Historical Review, Vol. 81, No. 4
Published: October 1976
Comparative study of the depositions of Edward II, Richard II, Henry VI, Edward V and Richard III.
Note. For a rejoinder, see McKenna’s The Myth of Parliamentary Sovereignty in Late Medieval England below.
Crown, Community and Government in the English Territories, 1450-1575
Ellis, Steven
From: History, Vol. 71
Published: June 1986
Study of how the government tried to exercise control over the whole realm, directly in the South of England and the Midlands, and indirectly through regional councils elsewhere; concentrates particularly on developments in Ireland.
The Rolls of Parliament, 1449-1547
Elton, G R
From: The Historical Journal, Vol. 22, No. 1
Published: 1979
A discussion of the compilation and storage of the Rolls of Parliament during this period, including changes of procedure that began with Richard’s parliament of 1484.
The Development of Raglan Castle and Keeps in Late Medieval England
Emery, Anthony
From: Archaeological Journal, Vol. 132
Published: 1976 for 1975
Re-examination of the dates of building of Raglan castle and of the purpose of keeps in general in the fifteenth century.
‘Noo Man Indented for the Keping of the Borders’: Royal Administration of the Marches, 1483-1505
Etty, Claire
From: England and Scotland at War, c.1296 – c.1513, ed. A. King & D. Simpson, History of Warfare series No. 78
Published: April 2012
A study of changes in the administration of the Scottish Marches initiated by Richard III and further developed by Henry VII.
The New Edwardians? Royal Piety in the Yorkist Age
Farris, Charles
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
A comparison of the daily devotional routines of Edward I and Edward IV to determine to what extent the Yorkist kings proved their claim to be the divinely appointed heirs of the first three Edwards by exhibiting comparable levels of piety.
English Sea Power in the Early Tudor Period 1485-1558
Fowler, Elaine W
One of the series of Folger Booklets on Tudor and Stuart Civilisation
Published: 1965
On the rise of English naval power under the first four Tudor monarchs.
Politics and Propaganda in 15th Century England: The Polemical Writings of Sir John Fortescue
Gill, Paul E
From: Speculum, Vol. 46
Published: 1971
Study of Fortescue’s propagandist writings on the rival claims of York and Lancaster.
A Defence of the Proscription of the Yorkists in 1459
Gilson, J P
From: EHR, Vol. 26, No. 103
Published: July 1911
Text of a contemporary defence of the harsh measures taken against the Yorkists in the parliament of 1459, cast in the form of a debate. Written in a mixture of English, Latin and French.
The Navy Under Henry VII
Goldingham, C S
From: EHR, Vol. 33
Published: 1918
Description of the twelve ships of Henry’s navy, their armament and manning.
The Impact of Warfare of the Scottish Marches, c.1481-c.1513
Goodman, Anthony
From: The Fifteenth Century, Vol. 7, ed. Linda Clark
Published: 2007
An examination of the evidence about some of the effects of warfare on the East and Middle marches.
The Yorkist Claim to the Throne of Castile
Goodman, Anthony; Morgan, David
From: Journal of Medieval History, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 61-69
Published: March 1985
Explains why the heirs of Isabel of Castile and Edmund of Langley considered their claim to the throne of Castile superior to that of Isabel’s elder sister Constance, Duchess of Lancaster, and the use made of this claim by successive generations of the House of York.
Local Rivalries and National Politics: The Percies, the Nevilles, and the Duke of Exeter, 1452-55
Griffiths, Ralph A
From: Speculum, Vol. 43, No. 4
Published: October 1968
An account of the northern rebellion of Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter, against the First Protectorate of Richard Duke of York, in which he was supported by the younger sons of the Earl of Northumberland as a means of furthering their struggle against the local dominance of the Nevilles.
Patronage, Politics and the Principality of Wales 1413-1461
Griffiths, R A
From: British Government and Administration: Studies Presented to S. B. Chrimes, ed. H. Hearder and H. R. Loyn
Published: 1974
On the exercise of patronage in the Principality by Henry V and (less successfully) by Henry Vl through grants of offices, lands and cash.
Public and Private Bureaucracies in England and Wales in the 15th Century
Griffiths, R A
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 30
Published: 1980
The background, training and career prospects of fifteenth-century civil servants.
Richard, Duke of York, and the Royal Household in Wales 1449-50
Griffiths, Ralph A
From: Welsh History Review, Vol. 8
Published: 1976
York’s bad relations with royal officials in Wales.
Richard, Duke of York, and the Crisis of Henry VI’s Household in 1450-1: Some Further Evidence
Griffiths, R A
From: Journal of Medieval History, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 244-256
Published: June 2012
A re-examination, in the light of two new documents, of the crisis caused by York’s return from Ireland.
The English Realm and Dominions and the King’s Subjects in the Later Middle Ages
Griffiths, Ralph A
From: Aspects of Government and Society in Later Medieval England: essays in honour of J. R. Lander, ed. John Rowe
Published: 1986
Discusses the complex relationship between the English crown and the additional dominions it acquired as the Middle Ages progressed.
The King’s Council and the First Protectorate of the Duke of York, 1450-1454
Griffiths, R A
From: EHR, Vol. 99, pp. 305-320
Published: 1984
A study of the York’s first protectorate through the lens of the extant minutes of three important meetings of the royal council held between the end November 1453 and early April 1454. The article is followed by a transcript of the source document, Harvard University (the Houghton Library), fMS Eng. 751, fos. 211-214.
The Provinces and the Dominions in the Age of the Wars of the Roses
Griffiths, R A
From: Estrangement, Enterprise & Education in Fifteenth Century England, ed. S. D. Michalove & A. C. Reeves
Published: 1998
A study of the relationship between England and the dominions acquired or claimed during this period, and its implications for the English state.
Wales and the Marches
Griffiths, R A
From: Fifteenth Century England 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society, ed. S. B. Chrimes, C. D. Ross & R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1972
Chapter 7 of the above book, covering regional politics in Wales – the struggle to preserve peace, stability and justice at a time of social and political change.
Household, Politics and Political Morality in the Reign of Henry VII
Grummitt, David
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Argues that Henry VII did indeed bring in a ‘New Monarchy’, i.e. the continental Renaissance political morality with which he had become familiar in exile, and that this centred upon a redefinition of the Household and the role of Household servants.
Politic History, New Monarchy and State Formation: Henry Vll in European perspective
Gunn, Steven
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Compares Henry VII’s adaptations of English law and government with those of his continental contemporaries, and concludes that, whilst he did not adopt continental methods per se, many of the measures he took would have achieved a similar effect.
Climbing the Civil-service Pole during Civil War: Sir Reynold Bray (c. 1440-1503)
Guth, DeLloyd J
From: Estrangement, Enterprise & Education in Fifteenth Century England, ed. S. D. Michalove & A. C. Reeves
Published: 1998
Examines the extent to which a civil service existed, and the ways in which it functioned, through the career of Reynold Bray.
Richard III, Henry VII and the City: London Politics and the ‘Dun Cow’
Guth, DeLloyd J
From: Kings and Nobles in the Later Middle Ages: A Tribute to Charles Ross, ed. R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1982
The City of London’s cautious welcome to each change of government.
War, Politics, and Diplomacy in England, France and the Low Countries, 1475-1500. An Entangled History
Haemers, Jelle; Buylaert, Frederik
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
The tangled international politics of these regions in the late fifteenth century viewed on their own terms rather than ‘as the cradle of a political constellation that…would remain in place up to and including World War II’.
The Legislation of Richard III
Hanbury, H G
From: American Journal of Legal History, Vol. 6
Published: 1962
Detailed examination of the Acts passed by Richard III’s parliament.
Edmund de la Pole and the Spies 1499-1506 (Some Revisions)
Hanham, Alison
From: Parergon, New Series, No. 6
Published: 1988
Examines the career and motives of some of the ‘spies’ connected with Edmund de la Pole.
English Law Courts in the Later Middle Ages
Harding, Alan
Chapter 3 of The Law Courts of Medieval England
Published: 1973
Chapter covering the breakdown of the eyre, the development of county commissions of the peace, and the development of the central courts.
Aids, Loans and Benevolences
Harriss, G L
From: Historical Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1
Published: 1963
On borrowing by the Crown in the fifteenth century.
Political Society and the Growth of Government in Late Medieval England
Harriss, Gerald
From: Past and Present, No. 138
Published: February 1993
Challenges the view that between the death of Henry III and the emergence of the Tudors warfare crippled royal authority and prevented further development of government institutions.
The Struggle for Calais: An Aspect of the Rivalry between Lancaster and York
Harriss, G L
From: EHR, Vol. 75, No. 296
Published: 1960
The struggle between the Dukes of York and Somerset in the mid-1450s for the control of Calais gives an insight into the political rivalries which developed into civil war.
Clothed by the Tudors: Yorkist Prisoners in the Tower 1485-1547
Hayward, Maria
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
On the way Yorkist political prisoners of different rank were clothed; based on documentary evidence dating from the 1490s onwards.
Select Cases in the Exchequer Chamber
Hemnant, M (editor & compiler)
From: Select Cases in the Exchequer Chamber before All the Justices of England, Vol. 2, 1461-1509
Published: 1948
The records of several cases the hearings of which Richard lll attended and participated in.
Attainder, Resumption and Coercion 1461-1529
Hicks, Michael
From: Parliamentary History, Vol. 3
Published: January 1984
Explores the ways in which kings used these various forms of ‘the big stick’ in order to enforce the obedience of their greater subjects.
Bastard Feudalism, Overmighty Subjects and the Idols of the Multitude during the Wars of the Roses
Hicks, Michael
From: History, Vol. 85, Issue 279
Published: July 2000
Considers how and why a handful of overmighty subjects came to exercise such a disproportionate influence on the events of the Wars of the Roses.
Crowland’s World: A Westminster View of the Yorkist Age
Hicks, Michael
From: History, Vol. 90, pp. 172-190
Published: April 2005
Starting from the traditional assumption that the continuator was a single Westminster clerk, Hicks analyses the said clerk’s personality and access to events and concludes that, with all his prejudices, he ‘offers important insights to his world.’ This article is a precursor to his 2007 identification of the continuator as Richard Lamport.
Descent, Partition and Extinction: The Warwick Inheritance
Hicks, M A
From: BIHR, Vol. 52, No. 126
Published: 1979
Discussion of the division of Warwick the Kingmaker’s lands after 1471.
Edward IV, the Duke of Somerset and Lancastrian Loyalism in the North
Hicks, M A
From: Northern History, Vol. 20
Published: 1984
Shows that Edward’s policy of appeasement and reconciliation did not work with Somerset because he remained loyal to Lancaster.
Edward IV’s Brief Treatise and the Treaty of Picquigny of 1475
Hicks, Michael A
From: Historical Research, Vol. 83, Issue 220, pp. 253-265
Published: 2009
An examination of a propaganda tract setting out the Yorkist claim to the three crowns of France, England and Castile, and a discussion of evidence that a copy was taken on the French campaign in 1475.
The Beauchamp Trust 1439-87
Hicks, M A
From: BIHR, Vol. 54, No. 130
Published: November 1981
Studies the operation of the trust set up under the will of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, in part to fund the building of the Beauchamp Chapel.
The Neville Earldom of Salisbury 1429-71
Hicks, M A
From: Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine, Vol. 72-73
Published: 1980
Indicates that some of the lands of the earls of Salisbury were acquired by underhand means.
The Yorkist Age?
Hicks, Michael
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
Introductory paper to the Symposium, discussing the meaning and usefulness of the term ‘Yorkist Age’ and the nature of government and society during this period.
Henry Tudor’s Treasure
Horowitz, Mark R
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
In an attempt to establish whether Henry VII did indeed amass a fortune as alleged, or whether modern historians are correct in claiming that he died penniless, the author conducted a study of the income raised by Henry VII’s policy of using bonds.
Policy and Prosecution in the Reign of Henry VII
Horowitz, Mark R
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Traces Henry VII’s policy of control through bond-taking from the use of bonds in the administration of the Duchy of Lancaster and wider society.
Financial Memoranda of the Reign of Edward V: Longleat Miscellaneous Manuscript Book II
Horrox, Rosemary (ed.)
From: Camden Miscellany No. 29, Camden 4th Series, Vol. 34
Published: 1987
Transcript, with introduction and notes, of financial surveys of money in hand at Edward IV’s death, and current and expected income and expenditure including the expense of defending Berwick and Calais.
What Did the Royal Almoner Do in Britain and Ireland, c. 1450-1700?
Houston, R
From: EHR, Vol. 125, No. 513
Published: April 2010
Study of the roles of the royal almoners of England, Scotland and Ireland (the last not instituted until 1617). The main focus is on the English royal almoner in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
The ‘Revolution’ in Northern Borough Representation in Mid-fifteenth-century England
Jalland, Patricia
From: Northern History, Vol. 11
Published: 1976
Synopsis: An analysis of the parliamentary returns for the northern boroughs between 1450 and 1470.
Note. For commentary on this article, see Palliser below.
Edward IV, the Earl of Warwick and the Yorkist Claim to the Throne
Jones, Michael K
From: Historical Research, Vol. 70, Issue 173, pp. 342-352
Published: 1997
Discussion of a reward made to Warwick in 1463 for the dangerous and costly journey he had made from Calais to Ireland to visit the Duke of York in 1460.
Les Ambassades de Roger Machado, le Héraut Richmond en Bretagne (1490)
Jones, Michael
From: 1491: La Bretagne, Terre d’Europe, ed. Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique/ Société Archéologique Finistère
Published: 1991
Machado’s account of his embassies to Brittany on behalf of Henry VII. In French.
Welsh Nationalism and Henry Tudor
Jones, W Garmon
From: Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, Session 1917-18
Published: 1919
The part played by Welsh nationalism, as shown in poetry, in the success of Henry Tudor.
Parliamentary and Prerogative Taxation in the Reign of Edward IV
Jurkowski, Maureen
From: Parliamentary History, Vol. 18, Part 3
Published: 1999
An examination of Edward IV’s taxation policy between 1472 and 1475.
The Making of English Criminal Law: (1) The Beginnings – A General Survey of Criminal Law and Justice down to 1500
Kaye, J M
From: Criminal Law Review
Published: 1977
An overview of the development of the criminal justice system from the Anglo-Saxon period to the end of the Middle Ages.
Note. For Part (2), see under BARNES above.
English Military Experience and the Court of Chivalry: The Case of Grey v. Hastings
Keen, Maurice H
From: Guerre et Société en France, en Angleterre et en Bourgogne, XIVe-XVe siècle (Lille), ed. P. Contamine , C. Giry-Deloison and M. Keen, pp. 123-42
Published: 1992
The author discusses a rare survival from the Court of Chivalry: the case of 1407-1410 between Lord Grey of Ruthin and Sir Edward Hastings over the right to bear the manche gules (red sleeve) device of the late Hastings earls of Pembroke.
The Attainder of the Yorkists in 1459: Two Contemporary Accounts
Kekewich, Margaret
From: BIHR, Vol. 55, No. 131
Published: May 1982
Description of two accounts (one a piece of political propaganda and one from a monastic chronicle) of the events leading to the attainder of the Duke of York and his adherents after the rout at Ludlow.
English Kings and the Fear of Sorcery
Kelly, H A
From: Medieval Studies, Vol. 39
Published: 1977
Discussion of political witchcraft accusations in the fifteenth century, including Edward’s marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, Clarence’s downfall and Richard III’s withered arm.
The Lancaster Myth
Kelly, H A
From: Divine Providence in the England of Shakespeare’s Histories
Published: 1969
How political writers of the Lancastrian era legitimised the régime by recourse to a narrative of divine intervention, and at how in the sixteenth century this was synthesised with the dynastic myths of the Yorkists and Tudors.
The Tudor Myth
Kelly, H A
From: Divine Providence in the England of Shakespeare’s Histories
Published: 1969
How political writers of the early Tudor era legitimised the régime by recourse to a narrative of divine intervention, and at how in the sixteenth century this was narrative was synthesised with the dynastic myths of the Yorkists and earlier Lancastrians.
The York Myth
Kelly, H A
From: Divine Providence in the England of Shakespeare’s Histories
Published: 1969
How political writers of the Yorkist era legitimised the régime by recourse to their own narrative of divine intervention, and at how in the sixteenth century this was synthesised with the dynastic myths of the earlier Lancastrians and the Tudors.
The Anglo-Scottish Marches and the Perception of ‘the North’ in Fifteenth-century England
King, Andy
From: Northern History, Vol. 99, Issue 1
Published: March 2012
Explores the use of Yorkist propaganda against northerners in the 1450s and 1460s to enflame existing southern prejudices, and the (somewhat ironic) fateful consequences of this for Richard III.
English History in Contemporary Poetry; No 2: Lancaster and York
Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (ed.)
Booklet
Published: 1913
Discusses, with quotations, contemporary ballads and satires on political and historical subjects
The London Pageants for Margaret of Anjou: A Medieval Script Restored
Kipling, Gordon
From: Medieval English Theatre, 1982, 4 (1)
Published: 1982
Sets the pageants in their historical and cultural context. Includes script and route map.
Baldwin Hyde, Clerk of the Parliaments in the Readeption Parliament of 1470-71
Kleineke, Hannes; Roger, Euan C
From: Parliamentary History, Vol. 33, Part 3
Published: 2014
A challenge to the traditional view, that Hyde’s appointment in November 1470 was a political change initiated by the government of the restored Henry VI.
Late Medieval Churchwardens’ Accounts and Parish Government: Looking beyond London and Bristol
Kumin, Beat
From: EHR, Vol. 119. No. 480
Published: February 2004
An attempt to balance Clive Burgess’s in-depth studies of churchwardens’ accounts, which were based exclusively on London and Bristol.
Aspects of Fifteenth Century Studies
Lander, J R
Introductory chapter to Crown and Nobility 1450-1509
Published: 1976
Reviews changing ideas about the fifteenth century and especially about the relationship between the nobility and the Crown.
Attainder and Forfeiture, 1453-1509
Lander, J R
From: Historical Studies of the English Parliament, ed. E .B. Fryde and E. Miller, Vol. 2
Published: 1970
Studies of attainders for treason and their reversals under Henry VI, Edward IV, Richard III and Henry VII.
Note. First published in Historical Journal, Vol. 4, 1961.
Bonds, Coercion and Fear: Henry VII and the Peerage
Lander, J R
From: Crown and Nobility 1450-1509, ed. J. G. Rowe and W. H. Stockdale
Published: 1976
On Henry VII’s need for, and control of, the nobility.
Note. First published in Florilegium Historiale: Essays Presented to Wallace K. Ferguson, 1976.
Council, Administration and Councillors 1461-1485
Lander, J R
From: BIHR, Vol. 32, No. 86
Published: November 1959
On the Council’s activities, and its membership, with lists of councillors.
The Crown and the Aristocracy in England 1450-1509
Lander, J R
From: Albion, Vol. 8, No. 3
Published: Fall 1976
The nobility were wary of becoming involved in national politics, but were important to the Crown as local administrators, maintaining law and order in their own areas, etc..
Yorkist Council and Administration, 1461 to 1485
Lander, J R
From: EHR, Vol. 73
Published: January 1958
On the importance of the Yorkist Council, and the source material available for its study.
Urban Policy and Urban Political Culture: Henry VII and his Towns
Lee, James
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
The article examines Henry’s relations with urban polities and argues that, in the king’s political interaction with larger provincial centres in politically sensitive areas such as Bristol, York and Exeter, can be witnessed a burgeoning urban policy, albeit one that, rather than centralising, encouraged the development of local urban government.
Tudor Dynastic Problems 1460-1571 (extracts)
Levine, Mortimer
Extracts from the above book
Published: 1973
Extracts covering the period from Richard Duke of York’s claim to the throne to circa 1520, focusing on the search for secure succession.
War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-century France and England
Lewis, P S
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 15
Published: 1965
The role of itinerant singers of England and France in expounding to their compatriots the claims to the French throne of their respective monarchies.
Popular Politics in the Late Medieval City: York and Bruges
Liddy, Christian D; Haemers, Jelle
From: EHR, Vol. 128, No. 533
Published: August 2013
A fresh examination of the underlying causes of the repeated outbreaks of civic unrest during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in two very different cities, Bruges and York, in a search for common causes.
The King’s Ships and the Keeping of the Seas; 1413-1480
Loades, David
From: Medieval History, Vol. 1, No. 1
Published: 1991
On the means used to maintain a supply of ships for keeping the seas during this period before the development of an official royal navy.
John Rous and the Survival of the Neville Circle
Lowry, Martin
From: Viator, Vol. 19
Published: 1988
On Rous and the literary/administrative circle to which he belonged.
Patronage, Violence and Revolt in the Reign of Henry VII
Luckett, D A
From: Crown, Government and People in the Fifteenth Century, ed. Rowena Archer
Published: 1995
How Henry VII coped with the inevitable royal juggling act of rewarding past supporters without alienating others.
The Thames Valley Conspiracies against Henry VII
Luckett, D A
From: Historical Research, Vol. 68, No. 166
Published: June 1995
Examines the reasons why the Thames Valley was the only area in southern England to become a centre of Yorkist conspiracy during the early years of Henry VII’s reign.
‘Of good name and fame in the countrey’: Standards of Conduct for Henry Vll’s Chamber Officials
McGlynn, Margaret
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Examination of Henry VII’s Chamber machinery through the lens of two documents produced by auditors in the office, one a comment on a 1512 statute, the other a pay dispute.
The Coronation Oil of the Yorkist Kings
McKenna, J W
From: EHR, Vol. 82
Published: 1967
On the use of the miraculous oil of St. Thomas a Becket to add sanctity to the anointing during the coronation service.
The Myth of Parliamentary Sovereignty in Late Medieval England
McKenna, J W
From: EHR, Vol. 94, No. 372
Published: July 1979
Questions the theory of parliamentary supremacy put forward by Dunham and Wood in The Right to Rule in England.
The House of York and the Low Countries
Melhuish, J M
Text of a talk
February 1975
England’s relations with Burgundy in the fifteenth century, and the personalities involved.
The Liber Niger of Edward IV: A New Version
Mertes, Kate
From: BIHR, Vol. 54, No. 29
Published: May 1981
On a recently discovered manuscript of Edward lV’s Household ordinances, including material not in the texts used by A. R. Myers for his edition of the Black Book.
The King’s Affinity in the Polity of Yorkist England
Morgan, D A L
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Series, Vol. 23
Published: 1973
On the retinue and household of the Yorkist kings.
An Official Progress through Lancashire and Cheshire in 1476
Myers, A R
From: Crown, Household and Parliament in Fifteenth Century England
Published: 1985
Transcript and discussion of TNA DL/5/1, ff.136r-148v, the record of a perambulation or tour of inspection of the Duchy of Lancaster lands in the North-west by Lord Stanley and members of the Duchy Council. The tour began at Congleton in Cheshire and took in, amongst other places, Widnes, Liverpool, Preston, Kirkby Lonsdale, Blackburn and Salford.
A Parliamentary Debate of the Mid-Fifteenth Century and A Parliamentary Debate of 1449
Myers, A R
From: Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Vol. 22, No. 2, and Crown, Household and Parliament in Fifteenth Century England
Published: 1938 and 1985
Rare survivals of the records of parliamentary debates shed light on the debate between the Lords Spiritual and Temporal on whether to send reinforcements to Normandy and Guienne in February 1449. (The first article is based on BL Harl. MS 6849, f. 77, and the latter on BL Harl. MS 78, f. 1 and College of Arms MS 2 H13, f. 390.)
Parliamentary Petitions in the Fifteenth Century
Myers, A R
Chapter 1 of Crown, Household and Parliament in Fifteenth Century England
Published: 1985
A study of the evolving nature of petitions submitted to parliament, both by individuals and groups of individuals, and by the Commons as a body.
Some Household Ordinances of Henry VI
Myers, A R
From: Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Vol. 36, No. 2
Published: March 1954
Provisions for regulating the Royal Household in 1445(?).
Some Observations on the Procedure of the Commons in Dealing with Bills in the Lancastrian Period
Myers, A R
Chapter 2 of Crown, Household and Parliament in Fifteenth Century England
Published: 1985
On the procedures developed by the Commons to deal with their increasing role as sponsors of private petitions .
Perceptions of Financial Mismanagement and the English Diagnosis of Defeat
Nall, Catherine
From: The Fifteenth Century, Vol. 7, ed. Linda Clark
Published: 2007
A study of the ways in which the English public at large explained the loss of the country’s French possessions.
Keeping the Peace on the Northern Marches in the Later Middle Ages
Neville, Cynthia J
From: English Historical Review; (1994), pp. 1-25.
Published: 1994
Detailed presentation of how border law developed up to the 1450’s. It does not mention the Councils of the North of Edward IV and Richard III and skips to a brief summary of what happened in the 1500’s under Tudor rule.
The Pre-contract and its Effect on the Succession in 1483
O’Regan Mary
From: Richard III: Crown and People, ed. J. Petre
Published: 1985
Article first published in The Ricardian, vol. 4, No. 54, September 1976. Explores the implications for the succession of the claim of a precontract of marriage between Edward IV and Eleanor Butler.
The King’s Secretary in the Fifteenth Century
Otway-Ruthven, J
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, Vol. 19
Published: 1936
Attempt to piece together the workings of the Signet Office from the patchy surviving records.
Fifteenth-century Borough Representation: A Comment
Palliser, D M
From: Northern History, Vol 13, pp. 245-6
Published: 1977
Comment on Dr. Jalland’s article (see above).
Diplomatic Relations between England and Scotland during the Yorkist Period c.1455-1485
Partridge, Maralyn
Typescript
Undated
An explanation of the alternating periods of truce and hostilities between England and Scotland.
Edward IV and the Politics of Conciliation
Payling, S J
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C Steer
Published: 2013
Questions Edward IV’s reputation for maintaining a general policy of conciliation towards his enemies.
Law and Arbitration in Nottinghamshire 1399-1461
Payling, Simon J
From: People, Politics & Community in the Later Middle Ages, ed. J. Rosenthal & C. Richmond
Published: 1987
Examines the operation of peacekeeping through local arbitration in Nottinghamshire during the Lancastrian period.
Letters of Mosen Diego de Valera
Penna, D Mario (ed.)
From: Biblioteca de Autores Espaňoles, Vol. 116, Prosistas Castellaňos del Siglo XV, pp. 3-51
Published: 1959
Collection of de Valera’s letters to various individuals including King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, followed by notes plus a smaller number of letters from Isabella and Ferdinand to de Valera.
The Middleham Connection: Richard III and Richmondshire 1471-1485
Pollard, A J
Text of a public lecture given at York University
Published: June 1983
Examines Richard’s acquisition of the Lordship of Middleham and his relations with those members of his northern affinity who were connected with the lordship.
Faces of Crime in Later Medieval England
Post, J B
From: History Today, Vol. 38
Published: January 1988
On the problems of studying crime in the Middle Ages: viz. there is a lack of source material for either a statistical or sociological survey, although details of individual crimes can be found in family letters and legal records.
Arbitration and the Law in England in the Late Middle Ages
Powell, Edward
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Series, Vol. 33
Published: 1983
On the widespread use of arbitration for settling legal disputes.
The House of Lords in the Middle Ages (extracts)
Powell, J Enoch (ed.); WALLIS Keith (ed.)
Extracts from the above book
Published: 1968
Extracts covering the composition and role of the Lords in the Yorkist period.
The Chancellor, the Chancery and the Council at the End of the Fifteenth Century
Pronay, Nicholas
From: British Government and Administration: Studies Presented to S. B. Chrimes, ed. H. Hearder and H. R. Loyn
Published: 1974
On the rise of the Chancery, and its personnel and cases, and the declining importance of the Council.
Wars of the Roses: Exhibition of Records
Public Record Office
Exhibition catalogue
Published: March-May 1961
Catalogue of exhibition tracing the history of the period and the dynastic power struggle through official documents.
The Parliament of Richard III: 1484
Publick, Chris
Text of address given to Sydney Branch of Richard III Society
Presented: Saturday 7 October 1989
Overview, by an Australian parliamentarian, of the role and organisation of parliament in the fifteenth century, and an examination of Richard’s legislation.
‘He Contents the People Wherever He Goes’. Richard III: His Parliament and Government
Publick, Chris
Text of address given to Sydney Branch of the Richard III Society
Presented: 10 February 2007
Updated version of the 1989 address (see above).
The ‘Indenture for the Marches’ between Henry VII and Edward Stafford (1477-1521) Duke of Buckingham
Pugh, T B
From: EHR, Vol. 71
Published: July 1956
On Henry VII’s and Henry VIII’s policy of maintaining law and order in Wales.
The Magnates, Knights and Gentry
Pugh, T B
Chapter 5 of Fifteenth Century England 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society, ed. S. B. Chrimes, C. D. Ross & R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1972
A study of the lords and gentry and the parts they played in politics and society.
Some Indications of Awareness by the Kings of Portugal in the 15th Century of their Status vis-à-vis the House of Lancaster
Pye, Roger F
From: The Coat of Arms, New Series, Vol. 4, No. 113, with subsequent correspondence from No. 114
Published: Spring 1980
Heraldic evidence suggests that Alfonso V, grandson of Henry IV’s elder sister, considered himself to be Henry VI’s heir between the death of Gloucester in 1447 and the birth of Prince Edward in 1453.
Retained Legal Counsel c.1275-1475
Ramsay, Nigel
From: Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Series, Vol. 35
Published: 1985
On the practice of annual payments to lawyers by institutions and private individuals to retain their services and advice.
Richard III and the Office of Arms
Ramsay, Nigel
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published : 2013
Richard’s contribution to the professional practice of heraldry. Includes studies of his possible influence on the practice of heraldry as Constable of England and his grant of incorporation to the officers of arms as King. The text of ordinances for the officers of arms appearing to date from Richard’s term as Lord Constable is given as an appendix.
Henry VII and Edward, Duke of Buckingham: The Repression of an ‘Over-mighty Subject’
Rawcliffe, Carole
From: Historical Research, Vol. 53, Issue 127, May 1980, pp. 114-118
Published: May 1980
A short but informative account of Henry VII’s use of financial constraints to curb the power of this potential rival; includes a transcript of the Duke’s petition for redress to Henry VII’s executors.
Tudor Policy in Wales
Rees, J F
From: Historical Association Pamphlet, No.101
Published: 1935
Tudor policy, based on Yorkist foundations, of curbing the power of the Marcher Lords and gradually integrating Wales into England.
An English Mafia?
Richmond, Colin
From: Nottingham Medieval Studies
Published: 1992
Review of Ormrod’s The Reign of Edward III, Payling’s Political Society in Lancastrian England, Pollard’s North-eastern England during the Wars of the Roses, and Walker’s The Lancastrian Affinity 1361-1399, all of which the author claims follow McFarlane in assuming the medieval political classes to have been ‘a predatory governing elite’.
English Naval Power in the Fifteenth Century
Richmond, C F
From: History, Vol. 52, No. 174
Published: February 1967
On the changing role of the navy under Henry V, Henry VI, Edward IV and Richard III.
Propaganda in the Wars of the Roses
Richmond, Colin
From: History Today, Vol. 42
Published: July 1992
An overview of various forms of political propaganda, from proclamations and news-bills to political badges.
The Nobility and the Wars of the Roses, 1459-61
Richmond, Colin
From: Nottingham Medieval Studies, Vol. 21
Published: 1977
An examination of the proportion of the nobility involved in the armed conflicts of 1459-61, and on which side they fought.
The Nobility and the Wars of the Roses: The Parliamentary Session of January 1461
Richmond, Colin
From: Parliamentary History, Vol. 18, Issue 3, pp. 261-269
Published: 1999
Analysis of a ‘fragmentary list’ of lords dating from the first six weeks of 1461 which excludes committed Lancastrians but also ‘distinguishes between those who were committed Yorkists… and certain uncommitted (newtri) men. . .’.
Feuds and Private Peace-making: A Fifteenth-century Example
Rosenthal, Joel
From: Nottingham Medieval Studies, Vol. 14, pp. 84-90
Published: 1970
The author demonstrates the success of private arbitration by reference to the feud between the Pierpoints and the family of Lord Hastings.
Kings, Continuity and Ecclesiastical Benefaction in 15th Century England
Rosenthal, Joel T
From: People, Politics & Community in the Later Middle Ages, ed. J. Rosenthal & C. Richmond
Published: 1987
The importance of royal benefaction in maintaining the tradition of large public foundations.
Extracts from The Commons and Their Speakers in English Parliaments 1376-1523
Roskell, J S
Chapter 10 of the above work
Published: 1965
Gives an outline of the main business of each parliament during the Yorkist period; plus brief biographical notes on the Speakers.
The Office and Dignity of Protector of England, with Special Reference to its Origins
Roskell, J S
From: EHR, Vol. 68
Published: April 1953
Mainly on the origins of the role during the minority of Henry VI.
Forfeiture for Treason in the Reign of Richard II
Ross, C D
From: EHR, Vol. 71, No. 281
Published: October 1956
Studies the forfeitures arising from the attainders of the Merciless Parliament and seeks to establish whether the statute passed towards the end of the parliament protecting entailed estates from forfeiture was observed. Contains a useful analysis of the question of the property rights of the wives and widows of traitors.
Rumour, Propaganda and Popular Opinion during the Wars of the Roses
Ross, Charles
From: Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England, ed. R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1981
Study of the increased use of propaganda in the second half of the fifteenth century.
The Reign of Edward IV
Ross, C D
Chapter 3 of Fifteenth Century England 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society, ed. S. B. Chrimes, C. D. Ross & R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1972
Steers a course between the older view of the ‘temperamental and politically immature prince’ and the revisionist vision of an iron-willed statesman and man of action.
A Governing Elite? The Higher Nobility in the Yorkist and Early Tudor Period
Ross, James
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
Re-examines the traditional notion that Edward IV promoted noble rule in the regions, whilst Henry VII sought to limit it.
Arbitration in Gentry Disputes of the Later Middle Ages
Rowney, Ian
From: History, Vol. 67, No. 221
Published: October 1982
Discusses the mechanisms of arbitration and the reasons for its popularity in the late Middle Ages.
Propositio Johannis Russell
Russell, John; Guppy, Henry
Modern reprint of John Rylands Facsimile edition
Published: 1919
Booklet containing (1) a facsimile of Caxton’s edition of the Latin oration given by Russell to Charles, Duke of Burgundy, in February 1470 on the Duke’s investiture with the Order of the Garter, and (2) an introduction by Henry Guppy. An English translation of the oration can be made available.
Five Indentures between Edward IV and Warwick the Kingmaker
Scofield, Cora L
From: EHR, Vol. 36, No. 141
Published: 1921
Brief article detailing the terms of Warwick’s captaincies of Calais, Guisnes, Rysbank, Hammes and Carlisle.
Painting from Life?
Scott, Jennifer
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
Comments on the date and function of the early portraits of Elizabeth Woodville and Elizabeth of York in the Royal Collection.
A Conflict of Interest? Chancery Clerks in Private Service
Smith, Charles W
From: People, Politics & Community in the Later Middle Ages, ed. J. Rosenthal & C. Richmond
Published: 1987
During the fourteenth century it had been common for clerks to work simultaneously for Chancery and for private magnates, but this practice was outlawed in 1406. Smith examines the reasons for the change in public attitude that lay behind this ruling.
Acts of Attainder
Somervell, Donald
From: Law Quarterly Review, Vol. 67
Published: 1951
Comparative study of these Acts during the fifteenth century and the reign of Henry VIII.
From Feud to Faction: English Politics circa 1450-1550
Starkey, David
From: History Today, Vol. 32
Published: November 1982
Aristocratic faction as a force in politics had been destroyed by the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII did not allow it to revive, but the situation changed under Henry VIII.
The Financial Background of the Wars of the Roses
Steel, Anthony
From: History, Vol. 40, Nos. 138-9
Published: February and June 1955
Summary of Steel’s study, Receipt of the Exchequer 1377-1485.
Models of Kingship: Arthur in Medieval Romance
Stone, Brian
From: History Today, Vol. 37
Published: November 1987
How King Arthur both reflected and inspired medieval ideals of kingship.
English Officers of State, 1399-1485
Storey, R L
From: ‘Notes and Documents’, BIHR, Vol. 31, Issue 83
Published: May 1958
List of the Chancellors, Treasurers, Keepers of the Privy Seal, Stewards of the Household and Treasurers of the Household who served between the above dates. Gives exact dates of appointment and dismissal.
The North of England
Storey, R L
From: Fifteenth Century England 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society, ed. S. B. Chrimes, C. D. Ross & R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1972
Chapter 6 of the above book, covering the power centres of the region, government policy and the influence of the North in the affairs of the kingdom.
Wardens of the Marches of England towards Scotland 1377-1489
Storey, R L
From: EHR, Vol. 72, No. 285
Published: October 1957
Details of the Wardens and their contracts, with a complete list of Wardens 1377-1489.
‘Peace, love and unity’: Richard III’s Charters to His Towns
Sutton, Anne F
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
Considers the role of the king in relation to the government of towns, and the grants of incorporation made by Richard during his two-year reign.
Richard III’s ‘tytylle & right’: A New Discovery and Correspondence
Sutton, Anne F
From: Richard III: Crown and People, ed. J. Petre
Published: 1985
Twin articles first published in The Ricardian, Vol. 4, No. 57, June 1977, and No. 59, September 1977. In the first article Anne Sutton refutes Charles Wood’s suggestion that Richard’s title to the throne as expressed in Titulus Regius was an ‘improvement’ on the claims put forward in the summer of 1483. The second article consists of responses from Charles Wood and Charles Ross plus a further piece of evidence from Anne Sutton.
The Feast of the Order of the Garter at Windsor, 1476
Sutton, Anne F; Visser-Fuchs, Livia
From: St George’s Chapel Windsor: History and Heritage, ed. N. Saul & T. Tatton-Brown
Published: 2010
A description of the particularly lavish Garter ceremonies of 1476.
Reaction to Henry VII’s Style of Kingship and its Contribution to the Emergence of Constitutional Monarchy in England
Tucker, Penny
From: Historical Research, No. 217 (special issue: Who Was Henry VII?)
Published: August 2009
Examination of contemporary reaction to Henry VII’s ‘arbitrary’ style of kingship through the writings of the London élite at the time of his death.
The Early History of the Court of Chancery: A Comparative Study
Tucker, P
From: EHR, Vol. 115, No. 463
Published: September 2000
How and why the court of Chancery increased its significance, and its workload, during the late medieval period.
An Election Dispute of 1483
Virgoe, Roger
From: BIHR, Vol. 60, No. 141
Published: February 1987
Details of the election of knights of the shire for Norfolk in 1483 where the results were challenged, and its significance in regional and national politics.
The Benevolence of 1481
Virgoe, Roger
From: EHR, Vol. 104, No. 410
Published: January 1989
On Edward IV’s method of raising money for the proposed Scots campaign of 1481.
The Composition of the King’s Council, 1437-61
Virgoe, R
From: Historical Research, Vol. 43, Issue 108, pp. 134-160
Published: November 1970
Discussion of the surviving sources for membership of the council during this period, which includes the two protectorates of Richard, duke of York. Extant lists of members and attendees are reproduced in the appendices.
The Meeting of the Duke and the Emperor: The English Survival of a Lost Text by Olivier de la Marche
Visser-Fuchs, Livia; Meale, Carol M
From: The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. H. Kleineke & C. Steer
Published: 2013
Text and discussion of a surviving English copy of a lost letter written by Olivier de la Marche describing the nine-week meeting of Emperor Frederick III and Charles Duke of Burgundy at Trier in 1473.
A Power in the North? The Percies in the 15th Century
Weiss, Michael
From: Historical Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2
Published: 1976
Suggests that the Percys were not as powerful as some historians have stated.
Royal Charter Witness Lists and the Politics of the Reign of Edward IV
Westervelt, Theron
From: Historical Research, Vol. 81, No. 212
Published: 2008
Suggests that the choice of witnesses to royal charters may contribute to an understanding of the power politics of Edward’s reign.
Warrants under the Signet in the Reign of Edward IV
Westervelt, Theron
From: Historical Research, Vol. 83, No. 222
Published: November 2009
The author has examined the surviving warrants in order to shed light on the purposes of the increased use of the Signet during Edward IV’s reign.
Richard III and his Overmighty Subjects: In Defence of a King
Williams, Daniel
From: England in the 15th Century: proceedings of the 1992 Harlaxton Symposium, ed. Nicholas Rogers
Published: 1994
An assessment of Richard’s reign as a failed attempt, in an age of self-seeking and treacherous nobility, to restore impartial rule for the common good.
English Politics after Bosworth
Williams, Penry
From: History Today, Vol. 35
Published: September 1985
Synopsis: An examination of how the Tudors achieved political dominance without relying on the great magnates.
Web of Intrigue
Wilson, Derek
From: History Today, Vol. 63, Issue 4
Published: April 2013
A description of Henry’s years in exile, and an analysis of the influence of the continental method of government on his own rule. Several colour illustrations.
Acts of Resumption in the Lancastrian Parliaments 1399-1456
Wolffe, B P
From: EHR, Vol. 73
Published: October 1958
Study of these Acts, intended to recover and reorganize alienated royal estates.
The Management of English Royal Estates under the Yorkist Kings
Wolffe, B P
From: EHR, Vol. 71
Published: January 1956
An examination of the organisation of the royal lands and land revenues in order to determine whether Edward IV’s declaration that he intended to ‘live of his own’ was backed up by administrative changes.
The Personal Rule of Henry VI
Wolffe, B P
Chapter 2 of Fifteenth Century England 1399-1509: Studies in Politics and Society, ed. S. B. Chrimes, C. D. Ross & R. A. Griffiths
Published: 1972
Attributes the downfall of the House of Lancaster not to the effects of a long minority but to the nature of Henry VI’s personal rule as an adult.
Yorkist and Early Tudor Government 1461-1509
Wolffe, B P
From: Historical Association Aids For Teachers, Series No. 12
Published: 1966
Stresses continuity between Yorkist and Tudor styles of government.
Banner image of King Richard III’s Book of Hours (MS 474f.7v) reproduced by kind permission of Lambeth Palace Library.